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Portabilidad de seguro de enfermedad, oferta y movilidad laboral

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Health Insurance Portability, Labor Supply and Job Mobility
By
Brigitte C. Madrian
Department of Business and Public Policy
University of Pennsylvania, The Wharton School
3620 Locust Walk, Suite 1400
Philadelphia, PA 19104
bmadrian@wharton.upenn.edu
Date: August 16, 2004
Written for the Inter-American Conference on Social Security
2
Health Insurance Portability, Labor Supply and Job Mobility
I. Introduction and Motivation
In the United States, nearly two-thirds of national income is derived from the labor
market--the labor input of individuals employed in producing goods and services. This easily
qualifies the labor market as the largest market in the economy of the United States, a fact that is
doubtless true of the labor market in most other countries as well. Because of its importance in
the economy as a whole, distortions in the efficient operation of the labor market can have a
tremendous impact not only on the welfare of specific individuals, but on the economy as a
whole. For this reason, economists and policy makers are, and should be, keenly interested in
the relationship between the institutions and public policies that impact the labor market.
One institution in the United States whose impact on the labor market has received much
recent attention is the provision of health insurance. There is no universal provider of health
insurance or health care in the United States. Rather, a patchwork system of institutions exists,
each covering different subgroups of the population. Certain types of health insurance are
provided as a condition of employment, while other types of health insurance are more readily
available when individuals are not employed or not fully employed, while still others are
available regardless of employment status. The relationship between the labor market and the
type(s) of health insurance coverage available to individuals may motivate some individuals to

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