Time variable in policy transfer analysis: the experience of the higher education program 'Manutención' in Mexico
Autor | Jorge Puga González |
Páginas | 13-38 |
Revista Mexicana de Análisis Político y Administración Pública
Departamento de Gestión Pública y Departamento de Estudios Políticos y de Gobierno
Volumen IV, número , julio-septiembre
Pp. -
Revista Mexicana de Análisis Político y Administración Pública. Universidad de Guanajuato.
13
Fecha de recepción: de abril de
Fecha de aceptación: de dic iembre de
TIME VARIABLE IN POLICY TRANSFER ANALYSIS: THE EXPERIENCE
OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAM “MANUTENCIÓN” IN MEXICO
La variable tiempo en el análisis de las transferencias de políticas
públicas: la experiencia del programa “Manutención” en México
Jorge Puga González
Abstract
In recent years concepts suc h as “lesson-draw-
ing”, “policy diusion” and “policy transfer”
have become relevant in public policy a naly-
sis. As Levi Faur and Vigoda-Gadot point
out, “Policy lessons are increasingly drawn on
a cross-national basis rather than on national
experience” (, p. ). Despite growing
interest in these elds, few researchers have
included a time variable in their analyses.
is means that the results of these research
projects have been limited to ndings at the
moment of diusion or transfer, and have
excluded long-term analysis. is paper ana-
lyzes the “Manutención” program, previously
the National Higher Education Scholarship
Program or Pronabes, which address inequal-
ity in access to higher education in Mexico.
e empirical data shows t hat a more detailed
and consistent explanation of a policy trans-
fer process should consider the time variable,
which is absent in the ana lysis of authors such
as Dolowitz and Marsh (), Marsh and
Sharman () or Richa rd Rose (). I pro-
pose the following arg ument: Including the
time variable will broaden the frame of analysis
of the process of diusion/transfer, resulting in
the consideration of diverse elements that will
help to achieve a richer explanation; these in-
clude the dierent moments in which a transfer
uses information from international sources, the
Resumen
En los últimos años, conceptos como “apren-
dizaje”, “difusión” y “transferencia” han to-
mado relevancia en el análisis de políticas
públicas. Como señala n Levi Faur y Vigoda-
Gadot, “Policy lessons are increasingly drawn
on a cross-national basis rat her than on na-
tional experience” (, p. ). A pesar del
creciente interés en estos campos de estudio,
pocos investigadores han incluido la variable
tiempo en sus análisis. Esto signic a que los
resultados de sus investigaciones se han li-
mitado a los hallazgos en el momento de la
transferencia o difusión de una política. De
esta forma, se han excluido análisis de largo
plazo. Este artículo analiza el programa “Ma-
nutención”, anteriormente Programa de Beca s
Nacionales para la Educación Superior (Pro-
nabes), y que tiene entre sus principales ob-
jetivos la reducción de las desigualdades en el
acceso a la educación superior en México. La
evidencia empírica señal a que una explicación
más detallada y consistente del proceso de
transferencia resulta de considerar la variable
tiempo. Esta última se encuentran ausente en
los análisis de autores c omo Dolowitz y Marsh
(), Marsh y Sharman () o Richard
Rose (). Partimos del siguiente argumen-
to: Al incluir la variable tiempo se amplía el
marco de análisis del proceso de difusión/trans-
ferencia, como resultado se consideran diversos
Revista Mexicana de Análisis Político y Administración Pública. Universidad de Guanajuato. Volumen IV, número 2, julio-diciembre 2015
14
Between and approximately articles were written, more than half in
the last decade, about the politics of public policies spreading from one government to
another (Graham, Charles R. Shipan and Craig Volden, , p. ). Concepts such
as “lesson-drawing”, “policy diusion” and “policy transfer” have become relevant in
public policy analysis. As Levi Faur and Vigoda-Gadot point out, “policy lessons are
increasingly drawn on a cross-national ba sis rather than on national experience” (,
p.). is body of literature has permitted us to understand in greater detail the way
in which a general understanding of policies, the innovations of policies, programs, ad-
ministrative arra ngements or the ideas of a government or political system ca n be useful
in developing similar practices, pri ncipally in terms of public policy, other governments
or political systems (Dolowitz and Marsh, ; Graham, Shipan and Volden, ;
Richard Rose, ; Marsh y Sharman, ). anks to this research we can speak
of an analytical framework for identifying diverse variables that aect public policy
transfers: key actors; origin of lessons or transfer; what the transfer is about; degrees of
transfer; how, when and why these processes happen, etc.
Despite growing interest in these elds, few researchers have included the time vari-
able in their analyses. A s Mauricio Dussauge points out, “a key limitation of this litera-
ture has been its lack of attention to the ‘temporal’ dimension”. Although some studies
have explored its relevance and some refer to it in order to theorize about the develop-
ment of public policy transfers (Dussauge, , pp. -), the majority of studies
focus exclusively on the variables as mentioned in the last paragraph (e.g. key actors;
degrees of transfer, how and why these processes happen). By excluding the time vari-
able, these studies may exclude important considerations that ca n help us better under-
standing the public policy transfer process. In this article we aim to illustrate this last
assertion. I argue that including the time variable will broaden the frame of analysis of
the process of diusion/transfer, resulting in the consideration of diverse elements that
will help to achieve a richer explanation; these include the dierent moments in which
a transfer uses information from international sources, the process of adoption by the
process of adoption by the recipient institution
reected in the operating rules and the reasons
why the stakeholder s chose the transfer. It should
be noted that the text does not look to arm
the existence of a single form in which the
time variable aects public policy transfers,
but rather seeks to highlight the importance
of this variable in t his eld of research.
Keywords: policy transfer; time; inequality;
higher education; Mexico.
elementos que ayudan a enriquecer la explica-
ción, estos incluyen: los momentos en los cuales
una transferencia ut iliza información de fuentes
internacionales; el pr oceso de adopción, por parte
de las institucione s receptoras, reejado en la s re-
glas de operación, y las razones por las cuales los
actores eligen la tra nsferencia. Cabe señala r que
este texto no busca privilegiar alguna forma
particula r en que la variable tiempo afecta la
transferencia de polític as, lo que se pretende es
subrayar la importancia de esta variable en el
campo de estudio.
Palabras clave: transferencia de política pú-
blicas; variable tiempo; desigualdad; educación
superior; Méx ico.
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