Los progresos recientes en el desarrollo del derecho ambiental mexicano: del comando y control a la reparación del daño ambiental
Autor | José Juan González Márquez/Ivette Montelongo Buenavista/Anayeli C. Cedeño León |
Páginas | 571-602 |
571
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ
εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ
δερεχηο αµβιενταλ
µεξιχανο: δελ χοµανδο
ψ χοντρολ α λα ρεπαραχι⌠ν
δελ δα〉ο αµβιενταλ
ϑοσ ϑυαν Γονζ〈λεζ Μ〈ρθυεζ∗
Ιϖεττε Μοντελονγο Βυεναϖιστα∗∗
Αναψελι Χ. Χεδε〉ο Λε⌠ν∗∗∗
Ρεσυµεν
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kpegpvkxqu"{"nc"pgiqekcek„p"fgn"fgtgejq"fg"eqpvcokpct0"Xficug"qr0"ekv0."r0":70
34" Gn"fgtgejq"tgÞgzkxq"rncpvgc"swg"gn"ukuvgoc"lwtfkeq"tgfw¦ec"ncu"hqtocu"fg"tgiwncek„p"fktg evc"rctc"fct"rcuq"
c"ogecpkuoqu"fg"tgiwncek„p"kpfktgevc"{"cwvqttgiwncek„p0"Xficugqr0"ekv0."rr0":7"{":80
35" Nc"tghqtoc"gn"E„fkiq"Rgp cn"hwg"rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"F QH"gn"35"fg"fkekgodtg"fg"3;;80
36" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"FQH"gn"f c"4:"fg"lwpkq"fg"3;;;0
Σιν εµβαργο, αν εν εστα
σεγυνδα εταπα δε λα ηιστορια
δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ, λα
λεγισλαχι⌠ν σε σιγυε ενφοχανδο
εν λα πρεϖενχι⌠ν δε δα〉ο
αµβιενταλ ψ νι σιθυιερα λασ
ρεφορµασ α λα ΛΓΕΕΠΑ δε
1996 σε οχυπαν χλαραµεντε
δε λα ρεπαραχι⌠ν δελ δα〉ο αλ
εντορνο.
575
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
d+" Rqt"qvtc"rct vg."ug" qdugtxc"wpc" rtqnkhgtcek„p"fg" qtfgpcokgpvqu"ngicngu" gp"oc−
vgtkc" codkgpvcn." vcngu" eqoq" nc" Ng{" Igpgtcn" fg" Xkfc" Uknxguvtg" fgn" 4222.37" Nc"
Ng{"Igpgtcn" fgn"Fgucttqnnq"Hqtguvcn" Uwuvgpvcdng"fg"4225.38"nc"Ng{"I gpgtcn"fg"
Rtgxgpek„p"{"Iguvk„p"Kpvgitcn"fg"nqu"Tgukfwqu"fgn"4225039
C"ecfc"wpq" fg"guvqu"qtfgpcokgpvqu" ngicngu"ukiwkgtqp"ncu"eqttgurqpfkgpvgu" ng{gu"
nqecngu."cwpswg"pq"gp"vqfqu"nqu"ecuqu."gn"rtqeguq"ngikuncvkxq"nqecn"jc"eqpenwkfq0"
Nqu"pwgxqu"qtfgpcokgpvqu"ngicngu"codkgpvcngu"ug"ectcevgtk¦c p"rqt"nc"vgpfgpekc"c
c+" Tgeqpqegt"gn"fgtgejq"c"nc"kphqtocek„p.3:"rctvkekrcek„p"r¿dnkec3;"{."gp"wp"ugpvk−
fq"nkokvcfq."gn"fgtgejq"cn"ceeguq"c"nc"lwuvkekc"codkgpvcn042
d+" Kpeqtrqtct."cwpswg"fg"ocpgtc"cukuvgoƒvkec."nc"rtgqewrcek„p"rqt"fc‚q"codkgp−
vcn"{"uw"tgrctcek„p0
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okgpvq" cornkq" fgn" kpvgtfiu" lwtfkeq" gp" guvc" ocvgt kc." eqoq" qewttg" gp" qvtqu" rcugu"
fgn"owpfq" gp"nqu" swg."eqoq" eqpugewgpekc"fg" nc"cfqrek„p" fg"ncu" Fgenctcekqpgu"fg"
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fg"kpogfkcvq0
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Ectvc"Oci pc"vcorqeq" vwxq"eqpugewgpekcu"swg" ug"xkgtcp"tgÞglcfc u"gp"gn"eqpvgpkfq"
fg"nc"ngikuncek„p"ugewpfctkc"ctt kdc"ogpekqpcfc0
Hkpcnogpvg."gn"ewctvq"rgtkqfq"fg"nc"jkuvqtkc"fgn"fgtgejq"codkgpvcn"eqokgp¦c"c"fk−
dwlctug"fgufg"gn"4232"eqp"wpc"ugtkg"fg"tghqtocu"eqpuvkvwekqpcngu"fktkikfc u"c"hceknkvct"
gn"ceeguq" c"nc" lwuvkekc"codkgpvcn." cu"eqoq" wp"itc p"p¿ogtq" fg"oqfkÝecekqpgu" c"nc"
ngikuncek„p"ugewpfctkc"rctc"nngxct"c"ecdq"gucu"tghqtoc u"eqpuvkvwekqpcngu043
Gp"guvc"¿ nvkoc"gv crc." ug"jk ¦q"jk pecrkfi"gp" fqu" curgevqu α+"ceeguq" c" nc" lwuvkekc"
codkgpvcn."c"vtcxfiu"fg"wpc" ugtkg"fg"tghqtocu" rtqegucngu="{" β+"nc"tgrctcek„p"fgn"fc‚q"
37" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"Fk ctkq"QÝekcn"fg"nc"Hgfg tcek„p"gn"fc"5"fg"lwnkq"fgn"42 220
38" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"FQH"gn"f c"47"fg"hgdtgtq"fg"42250
39" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"FQH"gn"fc":"f g"qevwdtg"fg"42250
3:" Fgtgejq"c" nc"kp hqtocek„p"c odkgpvcn tvewnqu" 37;"DKU"c" 37;"DKU"8"N IGGRC."ÐGn"fgt gejq"c"n c"kphqt−
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r¿dnkeq"gp"igpgtc n"ukp"swg"jc{c"ukfq"uqnkekvcf cÑ0"Xficugοπ. χιτ0."r0"790
3;" Rctvkekrcek„p" r¿dnkec tvewnq" 379"c"37;"NIGGRC."ÐNc" rctvkekr cek„p"r¿dnkec" ug"tgÝgtg" c"nqu"x ctkcfqu"
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wp"cuwpvq"r¿dn keqÑ0"Xficugοπ. χι τ0. r0"790
42" Fgtgejq"c" nc"lwuvkek c"codkgpvcn Ctvewnqu" 382"c"426" NIGGRC0"Gn"ceeguq" c"nc"lwu vkekc"gu"Ð Nc"cfgewc fc"
rtqvgeek„p"fgn"dkg p"lwtfkeq"og fkq"codkgpvg"{"gn"rng pq"glgtekekq"fgn"fgtg ejq"cn"ogfkq"codkgp vg"cfgewc−
fqÑ0"Xficug."Iqp¦ƒng¦"Oƒtswg¦ ."οπ. χιτ0"r0"7;0
43" Gp"guvc" gvcrc"vc odkfip"ug"rtq ownic"nc"N g{"Igpgtcn" fg"Ecodkq" Enkoƒvkeq." rwdnkecfc"g p"gn"FQH" gn"8"fg"
lwpkq"fg"42340
576 αλεγατοσ,"p¿o0";6."Ofizkeq."ugrvkgodtg1fkekgodtg"fg"4238
Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
codkgpvcn."ogfkcpvg"nc" crtqdcek„p."gp" 4235." fg"nc" Ng{" Hgfgtcn"fg" Tgurqpucdknkfcf"
Codkgpvcn044"Eqp" gnnq." ug" cdtg" nc" rqukdknkfcf" fg" swg" gn" Rqfgt" Lwfkekcn" vgpic" wpc"
oc{qt"rctvkekrcek„p"gp"nc"crnkecek„p"fg"nc"rqnvkec"codkgpvcn0
Guvg"vtcdclq"dwuec"cpcnk¦c t"nc"¿nvkoc"fg"ncu"ewcvtq"gv crcu0"Gn"cpƒnkuku"guvƒ"fkxkfk−
fq"gp" vtgu"ugeekqpgu0" Nc"rtkogt c."fkuewvg" ncu"tghqtocu" eqpuvkvwekqpcngu"tgurge vq"cn"
ceeguq"fg"nc"lwuvkekc"codkgpvcn="nc"ugiwpfc"cpcnk¦c"ncu"tghqtocu"ngikuncvkxcu"fktkikfcu"
c"korngogpvct"gn"ceeguq"c"nc"lwuvkekc"codkgpvcn"fg"fkejcu"tghqtocu"eqpuvkv wekqpcngu="
{"nc"vgtegtc." gzrnkec"dtgxgogpvg"gn"eqpvgpkfq"fg"nc"Ng{"Hgfgtcn" fg"Tgurqpucdknkfcf"
Codkgpvcn"*NHTC+"fg"42350
KK0 Λασ ρεφορµασ χονστιτυχιοναλεσ
Ncu"tghqtocu" eqpuvkvwekqpcngu"swg" hwgtqp"crtqdcfcu" fwtcpvg" gn"rgtkqfq"fg" cpƒnkuku"
vwxkgtqp"gn"qdlgvkxq"fg"hceknkvct"gn"ceeguq"c"nc"lwuvkekc"codkgpvcn0"Dclq"guc"eqpukfgtc−
ek„p."eqoq"ug"gzrnkec"gp"ugiwkfc."gn"hwpfcogpvq"eqpuvkvwekqpcn"fgn"fgtgejq"jwocpq"
c"wp"ogfkq"codkgpvg"cfgewcfq"hwg"hqtvcngekfq"rqt"ncu"tghqtocu"c"nqu"ctvewnqu"6̇."39."
;6."325."32̇"{"329"fg"nc"ERGWO0
44" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"F QH"gn"fc"9"fg"lwpkq"fgn"42350
Λασ ρεφορµασ χο νστιτυχιοναλεσ θυε φυερ ον απροβαδασ δυραντε ελ περι οδο δε αν〈λισισ τυϖιερον ελ οβ ϕετιϖο
δε φαχιλιταρ ελ αχ χεσο α λα ϕυστιχια αµβιεντ αλ.
ωωω.γρεενπ εαχε.οργ
577
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
Nc"rtkogtc"fg"ncu"tghqtocu"eqpuvkvwekqpcngu"c"swg"cnwfkoqu"hwg"crtqdcfc"gp"lwnkq"
fg"42320"Guvc"tghqtoc"citgi„"wp"vgtegt"rƒttchq"cn"ctvewnq"39"fg"nc"Eqpuvkvwek„p=45"gn"
pwgxq"vgzvq"gu"gn"ukiwkgpvg
Ctvewnq"39."rƒttchq"vgtegtq0"
Gn"Eqpitguq" fg"nc" Wpk„p"gzrgfktƒ" ncu"ng{gu" swg"tgiwngp" ncu"ceekqpgu" eq−
ngevkxcu0"Vcngu"ng{gu"fgvgtokpctƒp" ncu"ocvgtkcu"fg" crnkecek„p."nqu"rtqegfk−
okgpvqu"lwfkekcngu" {" nqu"ogecpkuoqu" fg" tgrctcek„p" fgn"fc‚q0" Nqu"lwgeg u"
hgfgtcngu" eqpqegtƒp" fg" hqtoc" gzenwukxc" uqdtg" guvqu" rtqegfkokgpvqu" {"
ogecpkuoqu0
Wpc"fg"ncu" ocvgtkcu"c" ncu"swg"jcdt cp"fg"crnkectug" ncu"ceekqpgu"eqngevkxcu."nq" gu"
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ngicn"fgn"dkgp"lwtfkeq"codkgpvg"gu"fg"ectƒevgt"eqngevkxc0
Wpc"ugiwpfc"tghqtoc"eqpuvkvwekqpcn."swg"oqfkÝe„"nqu"ctvewnqu";6."325."326"{"329"
fg"nc"Eqpuvkvwek„p."hwg"crtqdcfc"gp"4233046"Guvqu"ctvewnqu"tgiwncp"wpq"fg"nqu"kpuvtw−
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Lwkekq"fg"Corctq0"Nc"tghqtoc"cn"ctvewnq"329"ukipkÝe„"swg"rqt"rtkogtc"xg¦"nc"ceek„p"
fg"corctq" rqfc"h wpekqpct"pq" u„nq"rctc" rtqvgigt"kpvgtgugu"kpfkxkfwcngu"{" fktgevqu."
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nncocfqu"kpvgtgugu"Ðkpfktgevqu"{"eqngevkxquÑ."eqoq"nq"gu"rqt"glgornq."gn"kpvgtfiu"eqnge−
vkxq"gp"nc"fghgpuc"fgn"dkgp"lwtfkeq"ogfkq"codkgpvg0"Gn"ctvewnq"329"tghqtocfq"ug‚cnc
Ctvewnq"3290"Ncu" eqpvtqxgtukcu"fg"swg" jcdnc"gn"ctvewnq"325"fg"guvc"Eqpu−
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rtqegfkokgpvqu"swg"fgvgtokpg"nc"ng{"tgincogpvctkc."fg"cewgtfq"eqp"ncu"dc−
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uw" guhgtc" lwtfkec." {c" ugc" fg" ocpgtc" fk tgevc" q" gp" xktv wf" fg" uw" gurgekcn"
ukvwcek„p"htgpvg"cn"qtfgp"lwtfkeq0
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tghqtoc." vqfcu" ncu" ictcpv cu" kpfkxkfwcngu" uqp" cjqtc" eqpukfgtcfcu" eqoq" fgtgejqu"
jwocpqu." guvq" kpenw{g" gn" fgtgejq" jwocpq" c" wp" ogfkq" codkgpvg" ucpq=" gn" ewcn" {c"
jcdc"ukfq"kpenwkfq"gp"nc"Eqpuvkvwek„p"gp"3;;;"eqoq"ictcpvc"kpfkxkfwcn0"Nc"tghqtoc"
eqpuvkvw{g"wp"ecodkq"hwpfcogpvcn0"Ncu"ictcpvcu"kpfkxkfwcngu"uqp"cswgnnqu"fgtgejqu"
45" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"F QH"gn"fc"4;"fg"lwnkq"fgn"42320
46" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"F QH"gn"fc"8"fg"lwpkq"fgn"42330
47" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"F QH"gn"8"fg"lwpkq"fg"42330
48" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"F QH"gn"fc"32"fg"lwpkq"fgn"42330
578 αλεγατοσ,"p¿o0";6."Ofizkeq."ugrvkgodtg1fkekgodtg"fg"4238
Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
hwpfcogpvcngu" tgeqpqekfqu"c"nqu"k pfkxkfwqu"rqt"nc" Eqpuvkvwek„p"swg"pq" rwgfgp"ugt"
chgevcfqu"rqt"pkpiwpc"cwvqtkfcf"cfokpkuvtcvkxc."okgpvtcu"swg"nqu"fgtgejqu"jwocpqu"
uqp"fgtgejqu"hwpfcogpvcngu."kpjgtgpvgu"c"ncu"rgtuqpcu."kpenwkfqu"gp"nqu"vtcvcfqu"kpvgt−
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Gp"4234."gn"ctvewnq"6̇"fg" nc"ERGWO"hwg" tghqtocfq"rctc" kpvtqfwekt"fqu"pwgxqu"
rtkpekrkqu"codkgpvcngu4:
c+" Gn"rtkpekrkq"fg"tgurqpucdknkfcf"codkgpvcn"eqoq"ogecpkuoq"rctc"jcegt"ghgevkxq"
gn"fgtgejq"jwocpq"c"wp"ogfkq"codkgpvg"cfgewcfq0
d+" Gn"rtkpekrkq"fg"ceeguq"cn"ciwc"nkorkc0
Nqu"rƒttchqu"swk pvq"{"ugzvq"fgn"ctvewnq"ogpekqpcfq" swgfctqp"tgfcevcfqu" eqoq"
ukiwg
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Gn" fc‚q" {" fgvgtkqtq" codkgpvcn" igpgtctƒ" tgurqpucdknkfcf" rctc" swkgp" nq"
rtqxqswg"gp"vfitokpqu"fg"nq"fkurwguvq"rqt"nc"ng{0"4;
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fgÝpktƒ" ncu"dcugu." crq{qu"{" oqfcnkfcfgu"rc tc"gn" ceeguq"{" wuq"gswkv cvkxq"
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vq"c"nc"Ng{"Hgfgtcn"fg"Tgurqpucdknkfcf"Codkgpvcn"crtqdcfc"gp"4235"rqt"gn"Eqpitguq"
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49" Lqtig"Ectrk¦ q."ÐNqu"Fgtgejqu"Jw ocpqu cng¦c"Fgpqokpc ek„p"{"Ectcevg tuvkecuÑ."Tgxkuvc"o gzkec/
pc"fg"Fgtgejq"Eqp uvkvwekqpcn."p¿ o0"47."lwnkq/"fkekgodtg"4233."r0"360
4:" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"F QH"gn"fc":"fg"hgdtgtq"fgn"42340
4;" Rƒttchq"cfke kqpcfq"gn"2:"fg"hgdtgtq"fgn"42340
52" Fg"jgejq."gn"ctve wnq"ugiwpfq"vtc pukvqtkq"fgn"Fgetg vq"fg"Tghqtoc"Eqpuvkv wekqpcn."qvqti„"cn"Eqpi tguq"fg"
nc"Wpk„p"wp"rnc¦q"fg"3:2"fcu"rctc"Ðkpeqt rqtct"ncu"fkurqukekqpgu"tgncvkxcu"cn"fgtgejq"c"wp"ogfkq"codkgpvg"
ucpq"{"ncu"tgurq pucdknkfcfgu"r qt"gn"fc‚q"{"fgvgtkqtq"c odkgpvcn0
53" Gn"ctvewnq"vgte gtq"vtcpukvqt kq"fgn"Fgetgvq"fg"Tghqtoc"Eq puvkvwekqpcn"qvq tiq"cn"Eqpitguq"fg"nc"Wpk„p"wp"
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54" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"FQH"gn"f c"42"fg"fkekgodtg"fgn"42350
579
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
Gn"rtkpekrcn"qdlgvkxq"fg"guvc"¿nvkoc"tghqtoc"hwg"gn"cdtkt"qrqtvwpkfcfgu"c"nc"kpxgtuk„p"
rtkxcfc."pcekqpcn"{"gzv tcplgtc"gp"gn"ugevqt"gpgtifivkeq."cwpswg" vcodkfip"kpenw{„"eqp−
ukfgtcekqpgu"gp"ocvgtkc"codkgpvcn0"
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rctvkewnctgu" q"codquÑ0"Ncu"pwgxcu"ng{gu"fgn"ugevqt" gpgtifivkeq"jcp"kpeqt rqtcfq"wpc"
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KKK0 Ελ αχχεσο α λα ϕυστιχια αµβιενταλ εν λα λεγισλαχι⌠ν σεχυνδαρια
Eqp"dcug"gp"ncu"tghqtocu"eqpuvkvwekqpcngu"cpcn k¦cfcu"gp"gn"crctvc fq"cpvgtkqt."gp"nqu"
ogugu"ukiwkgpvgu"c" uw"rtqownicek„p"hwgtqp"crtqdcfc u"rqt"gn"Eqpitguq" fg"nc"Wpk„p"
xctkcu"tghqtocu"c"nc"ngikuncek„p"ugewpfctkc."eqp"gn"Ýp"fg"rtqvgigt"nqu"kpvgtgugu"eqnge−
vkxqu"gp"nqu"cuwpvqu"codkgpvcngu0
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ncu"cwv qtkfcfgu" codkgpvcng u"gn"fg tgejq"fg" kpvgt rqpgt"nc" ceek„p" fg"pwnkf cf"cpvg "gn"
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Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
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pkuvtcvkxq"fg" tgxkuk„p"c" swg"ug" tgÝgtg"guvg" Ecrvwnq."q" cewfkt" cn"Vtkdwpcn"
Hgfgtcn"fg"Lwuvkekc"Hkuecn"{"Cfokpkuvtcvkxc0"
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qdtcu"q"cevkxkfcfgu035
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ngikvkocek„p"rtqegucn"gp"nqu"ecuqu"gp"swg"ug"kpxqnwetcp"kpvgtgugu"eqngevkxqu."eqoq"
qewttg"gp"nqu"eqpÞkevqu"codkgpvcngu05:"Eqp"gug"qdlgvkxq."gpvtg"qvtcu"oqfkÝecekqpgu."
35" Rwdnkecfq"gp"gn"FQH."gn"4:"fg"gpgt q"fg"42330
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581
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
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Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
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KX0 Λα ρεπαραχι⌠ν δελ δα〉ο αµβιενταλ
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vfiepkec"fgn"eqocpfq"{"eqpvtqn"rtqrkc"fg"ncu"ngikuncekqpgu"rtkokigpkcu"rctc"fct"ecdk−
fc"c"qvtqu"ofivqfqu"lwtfkequ"fg"rtqvgeek„p"cn"gpvqtpq."kpenwuq."wpc"tghqtoc"eqpuvkvw−
ekqpcn"qdnki„"cn"Eqpitguq"fg"nc"Wpk„p"c"ngikunct"uqdtg"gn"vgoc0
66" Ctvew nq"cfkekqpcfq"{"rwdnkec fq"gp"gn"FQH"gn"52"fg"ciquvq"fgn"42330
67" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"FQH"gn"4"fg"c dtkn"fg"42350
68" Gn"tgeqpqekokgpv q"fgn"kpvgtfiu"ukorng"q"lwtfkeq"rctvg"fg"nc"gzkuvgp ekc"fg"wpc"tgncek„p"lwtfkec"swg"eqpvgp−
ic"wp"fgt gejq"ngivkoc ogpvg"vwvgnc fq."rgtuqpcn." fktgevq"{" uwlgvq"c"nc"r qukdknkfcf"fg" ugt"gzkikfq"e wcpfq"
nc"pqtoc"f g"tgncek„p"gu"v tcpuitgf kfc"rqt"cni¿ p"rctvke wnct"q"cwvqt kfcf."cu"e qoq"nc"rqukdknkf cf"fg"rqfgt"
ceegfgt"c"nc"tguv kvwek„p"fgn"fgtgejq"x kqngpvcfq0
583
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
Gp" ghgevq." gn" fgtgejq" c"
nc" tgrctcek„p" fgn" fc‚q" co−
dkgpvcn" ug" kpeqtrqt„" tgekgp−
vgogpvg" cn" ctvewnq" 6̇" fg" nc"
ERGWO" {" eqp" dcug" gp" gug"
rtkpekrkq" eqpuvkvwekqpcn."
gp" 4235" gn" Eqpitguq" fg" nc"
Wpk„p"crtqd„"nc"Ng{"Hgfgtcn"
fg"Tgurqpucdknkfcf"Codkgp−
vcn" *NHTC+069" Ukp" godctiq."
eqoq" ug" xgtƒ." guvg" pq" gu" gn"
¿pkeq" qtfgpcokgpvq"lwt fkeq"
swg" ug" qewrc" fg" nc" ocvgtkc."
ukpq"swg"qv tcu"ng{gu"codkgp−
vcngu" tgiwncp" vcodkfip" og−
ecpkuoqu" fg" tgrctcek„p" fgn"
fc‚q" codkgpvcn" swg" eqorng−
ogpvcp" uwu" fkurqukekqpgu" {"
gp"qecukqpgu"nc"eqpvtcfkegp0"
Nc"NHTC" guvƒ"eqorwguvc"
rqt"78" ctvewnqu" qticpk¦cfqu"
gp"vtgu"vv wnqu0"Gn"rtkogt"vvwnq"jc eg"tghgtgpekc"c"nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"codkgpvcn." g"kp−
enw{g"vtgu"ecrvwnqu"swg"tgiwncp"ewguvkqpgu"eqoq
fc‚q"ogfkq"codkgpvcn."ncu"eqpugewgpekcu"ngicngu"fgn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn."nc"tguvcwtcek„p"
fgn"fc‚q" codkgpvcn."gn"rtqegf kokgpvq"lwfkekcn" rctc"korwvct" nc"tgurqpucdkn kfcf"co−
dkgpvcn."kpenw{gpfq"nc"ngikvkocek„p"rtqegucn." ncu"rtqxkfgpekcu"rtgecwvqtkcu."nc" ectic"
fg"nc"rtwgdc"{"nqu"cnecpegu"fg"nc"ugpvgpekc="vcodkfip"jceg"tghgtgpekc"c"nc"etgc ek„p"fg"
wp"Hqpfq"rctc"nc" Tguvcwtcek„p"Codkgpvcn0"Gp" igpgtcn."gn"vvwnq" kpvtqfweg"wpc" ugtkg"
fg"oqfkÝecekqpgu"c"nqu" rtkpekrkqu"vtcfkekqpcngu"fg" tgurqpucdknkfcf"ekxkn" tgncvkxqu"c"
nc"tguvcwtcek„p"{"eqorgpucek„p"fg"fc‚qu"codkgpvcngu0
Gn"ugi wpfq" vvwnq" tgiwnc" nqu" ogfkqu" cnvgt pcvkxqu"fg" uqnwek„p" fg" eqpvtqxgtukcu."
okgpvtcu" swg" gn"vvwnq" vgtegtq" eqpvkgpg" fkurqukekqpgu"swg" guvƒp" fguvkpc fcu"c" eqo−
rngogpvct"gn"ukuvgoc"fg"tgurqpucdknkfcf"rgpcn"rtgxkuvq"gp"gn"E„fkiq"fg"nc"ocvgt kc0"
Fg"cewgtfq" eqp"guv c"pwgxc" Ng{."nc"tgurqpucdknkf cf"cfo kpkuvtcvkxc" gu"qdlgvq" fg"
tgiwncek„p"fg"qvtcu"ng{gu"igpgtcngu"ogfkq"codkgpvcngu0"Ukp"godctiq."nc"NHTC"kpenw−
{g"cniwpcu"fkurqukekqpgu"swg"eqorngogpvcp"nc"tgiwncek„p"fg"ncu"ownvcu"geqp„okecu"
swg"ug"guvcdngegp"gp"qvtcu"ng{gu"codkgpvcngu."vcngu"eqoq"nc"NIGGRC"q"nc"Ng{"Igpg−
tcn"fg"Xkfc"Uknxguvtg0
69" Rwdnkecfc"gp"gn"FQH"gn"9"fg"l wnkq"fg"42350
Σιν εµβαργο, χοµ ο σε ϖερ〈, εστε νο εσ ελ νιχο ορδενα µιεντο
ϕυρδιχο θυε σε οχ υπα δε λα µατερια, σινο θυε οτρασ λεψε σ
αµβιενταλεσ ρε γυλαν ταµβιν µεχανισµο σ δε ρεπαραχι⌠ν δελ
δα〉ο αµβιενταλ θυ ε χοµπλεµενταν συσ δισποσι χιονεσ ψ εν
οχασιονεσ λα χ οντραδιχεν.
ωωω.νοτιχ ιασµϖσ.χοµ
584 αλεγατοσ,"p¿o0";6."Ofizkeq."ugrvkgodtg1fkekgodtg"fg"4238
Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
Ις.1 Ελ οβϕετο δε λα ΛΦΡΑ
Eqoq"nq"tgeqpqeg"gn"rƒttchq"ugiwpfq"fg"uw"ctvew nq"rtkogtq."guvc"Ng{"gu"tgincogp−
vctkc" fgn"ctvewnq" 6̇"eqpuvkvwekqpcn" {"rqt"nq" vcpvq"uw u"qdlgvkxqu"eqpukuvgp"g p"ictcp−
vk¦ct" nqu"fgtgejqu" jwocpqu"swg" gp" ocvgtkc"c odkgpvcn"eqpucitc" gug" rtgegrvq"fg" nc"
Ectvc" Ocipc."c" ucdgt fgtgejq"jwoc pq"c"w p"ogfkq"c odkgpvg"ucpq"{" gn"fgtgejq"
jwocpq"c" gzkikt"nc" tgurqpucdknkfcf" igpgtcfc"rqt" gn"fc‚q" {"gn"fgvg tkqtq"codkgpvcn0"
Ukp"godctiq."gn"rƒt tchq"ekvcfq"vcodkfip"ug‚c nc"eqoq"qdlgvkxq"fg"guvg"qtfgpco kgpvq"
lwtfkeq" gn"eqpukuvgpvg" gp" nc" rtqvgeek„p." nc"rtgugt xcek„p"{" nc" tguvcwtcek„p" fgn" co−
dkgpvg"{"gn"gswkn kdtkq"geqn„ikeq."rqt"nq"swg" fgdkgtc"gpvqpegu"ug‚cnct ug"swg"vcodkfip"
gu"tgincogpv ctkc" fg"nqu" ctvewnqu" 49"{" 95."h tceek„p"Z ZKZ/I."cwpswg" eqp" tgncek„p"
c"g uvg"¿nv koq"rtge grvq"eqp uvkvwekqpcn."eqoq" nq" gzrnkectgoqu" oƒu" cfgncpvg."gz kuvg"
wp"rtqdngoc"fg" kpeqorcvkdknkfcf." nq"ewcn"sw k¦ƒ"gzrnkec"nc" qokuk„p"swg"ug" jceg"fgn"
ctvewnq"95."htceek„p"ZZK Z/I"eqoq"hwpfcogpvq"fg"guvg"qtfgpcokgpvq"lwt fkeq0
Rctc"nqitct"uwu"qdlgvkxqu."nc"NHTC"tgiwnc"nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"codkgpvcn"swg"pceg"
fg"fc‚qu"qecukqpcfqu"cn"codkgpvg."cu"eqoq"nc"tgrctcek„p"{"eqorgpucek„p"fg"fkejqu"
fc‚qu0"
Rqt"nq"vcpvq."guvc"Ng{"gu"crnkecdng"¿pkecogpvg" ewcpfq"eqkpekfgp"fqu"ektewpuv cp−
ekcu
c+" Nc"gzkuvgpekc"fg"wp"fc‚q"cn"codkgpvg0
d+" Swg"guc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"{"tgrctcek„p"ugcp"gzkikdngu"c"vtcxfiu"fg
" k+" nqu"rtqeguqu"lwfkekcngu"hgfgtcngu"rtgxkuvqu"rqt" gn"ctvewnq"39"eqpuvkvwekqpcn."
gu"fgekt"c"vtcxfiu"fg"ceekqpgu"eqngevkxcu.
" kk+" nqu"ogecpkuoqu"cnvgtpcvkxqu"fg"uqnwek„p"fg"eqpvtqxgtukcu.6:
" kkk+" nqu"rtqegfkokgpvqu"cfok pkuvtcvkxqu."{
" kx+" cswgnnqu"swg"eqttgurqpfcp"c" nc"eqokuk„p"fg"fgnkvqu"eqpvt c"gn"codkgpvg"{"nc"
iguvk„p"codkgpvcn0
C" nc" nw¦" fg" nq" cpvgtkqt." gn" cfgewcfq" cpƒnkuku" fgn" eqpvgpkfq" fg" guvc" Ng{" gzkig"
gzrnkect."rtkogtq" ½swfi"ug"gpvkgpfg" rqt"fc‚q" codkgpvcnA."rctc"nwgiq"fgÝ pkt"½ewƒngu"
uqp"nqu"ogecpkuoqu"rctc"nc" tgrctcek„p"{"eqorgpucek„p"fgn"fc‚q"c odkgpvcn"swg"gug"
qtfgpcokgpvq"guvcdngegA
Codcu"ewguvkqpgu"ug"cpcnk¦cp"gp"nqu"crc tvcfqu"ukiwkgpvgu0"
Ις.2 Ελ δα〉ο αλ αµβιεντε εν λα ΛΦΡΑ
Nc"NHTC"fgÝpg"cn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn"gp"gn"ct vewnq"4̇."htceek„p"vgtegtc"eqoq
6:" Ctvew nq"3̇"htceek„p"Z KK"NHTC ecpkuoqu"cnv gtpcvkxqu ogecpkuoqu" cnvgtpcvkxqu" fg"uqnwek„p"fg"
eqpvtqxgtukcu."v cngu"eqoq"nc"ogfkcek„p."nc"eqpekn kcek„p"{"nqu"fgoƒu"swg"rgtokv cp"c"ncu"rgtuqpcu"rtgxgp kt"
eqpÞkevqu."q"gp"uw"ecuq."uqnwekqpc tnqu."ukp"pgegukfcf"fg"kpvgt xgpek„p"fg"nqu"„ticpqu"lwtkufke ekqpcngu."ucn−
xq"rctc"ictc pvk¦ct"nc"ngicn kfcf"{"gÝecekc"fgn"eq pxgpkq"cfqrvcfq"rq t"nqu"rctvkekrc pvgu"{"gn"ewornko kgpvq"
fgn"okuoq0
ωωω.νοτιχ ιασµϖσ.χοµ
585
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
Rfitfkfc."ecodkq."fgv gtkqtq."ogpquecdq."chgev cek„p"q"oqfk Ýecek„p"cfxgt−
uqu"{"ogpuwtcdngu"fg"nqu"j ƒdkvcv."fg"nqu"gequkuvgocu."fg"nqu"gngogpvqu"{"tg−
ewtuqu"pcvw tcngu."fg"uwu"eqpfkekqpgu"sw okecu."hukecu"q"dkqn„ikecu."fg"ncu"
tgncekqpgu"fg"kpvgtceek„p"swg"ug"fcp"gpv tg"fiuvqu."cu"eqoq"fg"nqu"ugtx kekqu"
codkgpvcngu"swg"rtqrqtekqpcp0"Rctc"guvc"fgÝpkek„p"ug"guvctƒ"c"nq"fkurwguvq"
rqt"gn"ctvewnq"8q0"fg"guvc"Ng{"]È̲0
Ukp"godc tiq."guvg" eqpegrvq" pq" gu"fgn" vqfq" enctq." {c"swg" pq" ceqvc" gp" swfi"oq −
ogpvq"gn" ecodkq."fgvgtkqtq." ogpquecdq."chgev cek„p"q" oqfkÝecek„p"cfxgtuqu" uqdtg"
nqu"jƒdkvcvu"ug"eqpxkgtvg"gp"fc‚q0"Vcorqeq"gu"rtgekuq"rqtswg"eqphw pfg"cn"fc‚q"swg"
qewttg"uqdtg"gn"dkgp"lwtfkeq"codkgpvg."eqp"gn"fc‚q"swg"chgevc"c"nqu"gngogpvqu"swg"nq"
kpvgitcp="oƒu"c¿p."eqp hwpfg"nc"eqpvcokpcek„p"eqp"gn"fc‚q"c odkgpvcn0
Guvc"hcnvc"fg"egtvg¦c"lwtfkec"igpgtcfc"rqt"wpc"kpcfgewcfc"tgfceek„p"fgn"rtgegrvq"
ekvcfq."rwgfg"jcegt"oƒu"fkhekn"gn"ewornkokgpvq"fg"guvc"nc"Ng{0"Fg"jgejq."gn"ctvewnq"
8̇"fkurqpg"swg" pq"ug"eqpukfgtct ƒ"swg"jc{" fc‚q"codkgpvcn"ew cpfq"nqu"ogpquecdqu."
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eqorgpucfqu" ogfkcpvg" eqpfkekqpcpvgu." {" cwvqtk¦c fqu" rqt" nc" Ugetgvctc."
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gxcnwcek„p"fgn"korcevq"codkgpvcn"q"uw"kphqtog"rtgxgpvkxq."nc"cwvqtk¦cek„p"
fg"ecodkq"fg"wuq"fg"uwgnq"hqtguvcn"q"cni¿p"qvtq"vkrq"fg"cwvqtk¦cek„p"cpƒnq−
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rtgxgcp"ncu"Ng{gu"codkgpvcngu"q"ncu"pqtocu"qÝekcngu"ogzkecpcu0
Gp"eqpugewgpekc." gp"gn"ecuq" fg"guvqu" fqu"uwrwguvqu." cwpswg"fg"jgejq" gzkuvc"wp"
fc‚q"codkgpvcn."gn"ukuvgoc"fg"tgurqpucdknkfcf"swg"nc"Ng{"tgiwnc"pq"ugtƒ"crnkecdng."{"
rqt"vcpvq."pq"jcdtƒ"tguvcwtcek„p"rqukdng"cn"corctq"fg"nc"okuoc0
Nc"gzegrek„p"swg"guvcdngeg"nc"htceek„p"K"fgn"ctvewnq"8̇"vkgpg"c"uw"xg¦"qvtc"gzegr−
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nc"htceek„p" K"fgn"rtgugpvg" ctvewnq" pq"qrgtctƒ." ewcpfq"ug" kpeworncp"nqu" vfitokpqu" q"
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Nc" fgueqpukfgtcek„p" rqt" nqu" rtkpekrkqu" hwpfcogpvcngu" fgn" fgtgejq" nngic" c" uw"
oƒzkoq"ewcpfq"gp"gn"ct vewnq"9̇"guvc"ng{"ug‚cnc"swg
Ctvkewnq"9̇
C"ghgevq"fg"qvqtict"egtvkfwodtg"g"kpfwekt"c"nqu"cigpvgu"geqp„okequ"c"cuw−
okt"nqu"equvqu" fg"nqu"fc‚qu"qec ukqpcfqu"cn"codkgpvg."nc"Ugetgvc tc"fgdgtƒ"
gokvkt"rcwncvk pcogpvg"pqtocu" qÝekcngu"ogzkecpcu."swg"vgpic p"rqt"qdlgvq"
guvcdngegt"ecuq"rqt"ecuq"{" cvgpfkgpfq"nc"Ng{"fg"nc"ocvgtkc ."ncu"ecpvkfcfgu"
opkocu" fg" fgvgt kqtq."rfitf kfc." ecodkq."og pquecdq."chgev cek„p."oqf kÝ−
586 αλεγατοσ,"p¿o0";6."Ofizkeq."ugrvkgodtg1fkekgodtg"fg"4238
Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
ecek„p"{" eqpvcok pcek„p."pgegu ctkcu" rctc" eqpukfgtctnqu"eqoq" cfxgtuqu" {"
fc‚ququ"]È̲0
Gn"fc‚q"gu"wp"ogpquecdq"uqdtg"ew{c"gzkuvgpekc"gn"chgevcfq"fgdg"vgpgt"gn"fgtgejq"
fg"qhtgegt"rtqdcp¦cu"{"pq"wpc"etgcek„p"rtqfwevq"fg"nc"fgekuk„p"fg"nc"cfokpkuvtcek„p"
r¿dnkec0"
Gn"okuoq"ctvewnq"9̇"ekvcfq"citgic"swg
Rctc" gnnq." ug" ictcpvk¦ctƒ" swg" fkejcu" ecpvkf cfgu" ugcp" ukipkÝecvkxcu" {" ug"
eqpukfgtgp."gpvtg"qvtqu"et kvgtkqu."gn"fg"nc"ecrcekfcf"fg"tgigpgtcek„p"fg"nqu"
gngogpvqu"pcvwtcngu0"
Nc"hcnvc" fg"gzr gfkek„p"fg" ncu"pqtoc u"tghgtkfcu" gp" gn"rƒttchq" cpvgtkqt."pq"
tgrtgugpvctƒ" korgfkogpvq" pk" gzkoktƒ" cn"tgu rqpucdng"fg" uw"qdnkicek„p" fg"
tgrctct" gn" fc‚q" c" uw" guvcfq" dc ug." cvgpfkgpfq" cn" eqpegrvq" rtgxkuvq" gp" gn"
ctvewnq"4ο0."htceek„p"KKK."fg"guv c"Ng{0
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fg"fgekfkt"ewƒpfq"jc{"{"ewƒpfq"pq"jc{"fc‚q"codkgpvcn."nq"ewcn"tguwnvc"cduwtfq"rwgu"
gn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn"gzkuvktƒ"ukgortg"swg"ug"tqorc"fg"ocpgtc"rgtocpgpvg"gn"gswknkdtkq"
gpvtg"ncu"hw pekqpgu"codkgpvcngu"fg"wpc"hqtoc" vcn"swg"ug"rtkxg"cn"c odkgpvg"fg"uw"ec−
rcekfcf"fg"ugt"wp"cfgewcfq"uqrqtvg"fg"xkfc0"Gn"ngikuncfqt"nngic"c"guc"cdgttcek„p"swg"
og¦enc"eqpukfgtcekqpgu"fg" fgtgejq"ekxkn"eqp" rtkpekrkqu"fgn"fgtg ejq"cfokpkuv tcvkxq"
fgdkfq"c"swg" fg"qtkigp" pq"kfgpvkÝec"ew ƒn"gu" gn"dkgp"lwtfkeq" swg"rtgvgpfg" vwvgnct"{"
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eqp"nqu" gngogpvqu"dcug" fgn"okuoq" *cktg."ciwc." uwgnq."gvefivgtc+."{" cn"fc ‚q"eqp" eqp−
vcokpcek„p0" Gp"pwguvt c"qrkpk„p" gn"fc‚q" codkgpvcn" gu"gxkfgpvg" u„nq"ewcpfq" qewttg"
wp"fgugswknkdt kq"gpvtg"ncu"h wpekqpgu"codkgpvcngu"swg"fgugorg‚c p"nqu"gngogpvqu"fg"
dcug"fgn" codkgpvg"*cktg."ci wc."uwgnq." Þqtc"{" hcwpc+."fg"wp c"gpxgticfwtc" vcn" swg"ug"
rtkxc"cn"codkgpvg" fg"nc"ecrcekfcf" rctc"ugt"uqrqt vg"fg"xkfc0" Guvc"ewguvk„p" pq"rwgfg"
fgekfktug"rqt" nc"xc" fg"pqt ocu"qÝekcngu"ogzkecpcu."ukpq" swg"fgdgtƒ" gxcnwctug"eqp"
ogecpkuoqu"fg"rt wgdc"kf„pgqu"swg"nc"ng{"
fgdkgtc"eqpvgpgt0
Wp"curgevq" rqukvkxq"gu" swg" gn"ctvewnq"
6̇"fg"guvc"ng{"tgeqpqeg"swg"gn"fc‚q"ogfkq"
codkgpvcn" gu" fkhgtgpvg" cn" ekxkn" ecwucfq" c"
nqu"rtqrkgvctkqu"fg" nqu"tgewtuqu"pcv wtcngu."
swg"{c"guvƒ"tgiwncfq"g p"nqu"E„fkiqu"Ekxk−
ngu."cfgoƒu" fg"swg"v codkfip"ug‚cnc"swg" nc"
tgurqpucdknkfcf"codkgpvcn" gu"fkhgtgpvg"fg"
nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"cfokp kuvtcvkxc"q"rgpcn0"
Ukp" godctiq." lcoƒu" nqitc" fgnkokvct" ncu"
htqpvgtcu" fgn"fc‚q" codkgpvcn."{" rqt"v cpvq"
htcecuc"gp"uw"qdlgvkxq0"
Ελ οβϕετιϖο χεντραλ δε τοδο
σιστεµα δε ρεσπονσαβιλιδαδ
αµβιενταλ δεβε σερ λα
ρεπαραχι⌠ν δελ δα〉ο, πυεσ
λα πρεϖενχι⌠ν δε εστε εϖεντο
ψα ηα σιδο µατερια δε
οτροσ σιστεµασ νορµατιϖοσ,
ταλεσ χοµο ελ δερεχηο
αδµινιστρατιϖο αµβιενταλ.
587
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
Ις.3 Λοσ µεχανισµοσ παρα ρεπαραχι⌠ν δελ δα〉ο αµβιενταλ
Gn" qdlgvkxq"egpvt cn" fg" vqfq" ukuvgoc" fg" tgurqpucdknkfcf" codkgpvcn" fgdg" ugt" nc" tg−
rctcek„p" fgn"fc‚q." rwgu" nc" rtgxgpek„p"fg" guvg" gxgpvq"{c" jc" ukfq"o cvgtkc" fg"qvtqu"
ukuvgocu"pqtocv kxqu."vcngu"eqoq" gn"fgtgejq"cfo kpkuvtcvkxq"codkgpvcn0" Gp"nqu"crct−
vcfqu"ukiw kgpvgu"cpcnk ¦coqu"eqoq" ug"v tcvc"guvg" vgoc" gp"nc" NHTC" {"g p"qvtcu" ng{gu"
codkgpvcngu0"
Ι." Nc"tgrctcek„p"gp"nc"NHTC
Nc"NHT C"tg eqpqeg"vtg u"ogecpkuoqu" rctc" nc" tgrctcek„p" fgn"fc‚q" codkgpvcn α+"nc"
tgrctcek„p"kp"pcvwtc."d+ nc"tgrctcek„p"kp"pcvwtc"uwuvkvwvc."{"χ+"nc"ucpek„p"geqp„okec."
cn"ug‚cnc t"gp" uw"c tvewnq" 32̇"swg"vq fc"rgtuqpc" hukec" q"oqtcn" swg" eqp"uw" ceek„p" w"
qokuk„p"qecukqpg"fktgevc"q" kpfktgevcogpvg" wp"fc‚q"cn"c odkgpvg."ugtƒ"tgurqpucdng"{"
guvctƒ"qdnkicfc"c"nc"tgrctcek„p"fgn"fc‚q."q"dkgp."ewcpfq"nc"tgrctcek„p"pq"ugc"rqukdng."
c"nc"eqorgpucek„p"codkgpvcn"swg"rtqegfc0
Nc"tgrctcek„p"kp"pcvwtc"kornkec"fgxqnxgt"ncu"equcu"cn"guvc fq"gp"swg"ug"gpeqpvtc−
dcp"cpvgu" fg"swg" gn"fc‚q" ug"rtqfwlgtc0" Eqoq"ug‚cnc" gn"ctv ewnq"35"fg" nc"NHTC." nc"
tgrctcek„p"fgn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn"eqpukuvktƒ"gp"tguvkvwkt"c"uw"εσταδο βασε"nqu"jƒdkvcvu."nqu"
gequkuvgocu."nqu" gngogpvqu"{" tgewtuqu" pcvwtcngu." uwu"eqpfkekqpgu" swokecu." hukecu"
q" dkqn„ikecu"{" ncu" tgncekqpgu" fg" kpvgtceek„p" swg" ug" fc p" gpvtg" guvqu." cu" eqoq" nqu"
ugtxkekqu"codkgpvcngu"swg"rtqrqtekqpcp0"
Guvg"rt kpekrkq."uk"dkgp" gu"fg ugcdng."gp" nc"rtƒevkec" tguwnvc" eqornkecfq"tgcnk¦ ctug"
rwgu"rctc"gnnq."gu" ogpguvgt"eqpqegt"ew ƒn"gtc"gug" guvcfq"rtko kigpkq"fgn"codkgpvg."{"
guc"kphqto cek„p"pq"ukgortg"ug" gpewgpvtc" fkurqpkdng"{."rqt"qv tc"rctvg." nc"NHT C"pq"
fgÝpg"kpuvtw ogpvqu"ngicngu"swg"rgtokvcp"ct tkdct"c"vcn"egtvg¦c0"
Gp"wp"kpvgpvq"rct c"gphtgpvct"g uc"rtqdngoƒvkec."gn"rtgegrvq"fg"oct tcu"ug‚cnc"swg"
nc"tg rctcek„p"kp" pcvwtc" ug" nqitc" ogfkcpvg"nc" tguvcw tcek„p."tguv cdngekokgpvq."vt cvc−
okgpvq." tgewrgtcek„p" q" tgogfkcek„p." nq" ewcn" tguwnvc" gxkfgpvgogpvg" vcwvqn„ikeq" {"
eqphwuq."rwgu" pqu"eqpfweg"cn" cduwtfq"fg" uquvgpgt"swg" gn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn" ug"tgrctc"
tgrctƒpfqnq0
Gn"ctvewnq"35"fg"nc"NHTC"ug‚cnc"wpc"ugtkg"fg"rtkpekrkqu"swg"tkigp"c"nc"tgrctcek„p"
fgn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn."c"ucdgt
]È̲
Nc"tgrctc ek„p"fgdgtƒ"nngxctug" c"ecdq" gp"gn" nwict"gp" gn"swg"hwg" rtqfwekfq"
gn"fc‚q0
Nqu"rtqrkgvctkqu"q"rquggfqtgu"fg"nqu"kpowgdngu"gp"nqu"swg"ug"jc{c"qecukq−
pcfq"wp"fc‚q"cn"codkgpvg."fgdgtƒp"rgtokvkt"uw"tgrctcek„p."fg"eqphqtokfcf"
c"guvc"Ng{0"Gn"kpewornkokgpvq"c"f kejc"qdnkicek„p"fctƒ"nwict"c"nc"korqukek„p"
fg"ogfkqu"fg"crtgokq"{"c"nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"rgpcn"swg"eqt tgurqpfc0
588 αλεγατοσ,"p¿o0";6."Ofizkeq."ugrvkgodtg1fkekgodtg"fg"4238
Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
Nqu"rtqrkgvctkqu" {"rquggfqtgu" swg"tguwnvgp" chgevcfqu"rqt" ncu"ceekqpgu" fg"
tgrctcek„p"fgn" fc‚q"cn" codkgpvg"rtqfwekfq"rqt" vgtegtqu."v gpftƒp"fgtgejq"
fg"tgr gvkt"tgurgevq"c" nc" rgtuqpc" swg"tg uwnvg"tgurqpucdng" rqt" nqu"fc ‚qu"{"
rgtlwkekqu"swg"ug"ngu"qecukqpgp0
Ukp"godctiq."guqu"rtkpekrkqu"pq"ewdtgp"nc"nciwpc"lwtfkec"swg"jgoqu"gzrwguvq0
Rqt"uw" rctvg." nc" tgrctcek„p"kp" pcv wtc" uwuvkvwvc." eqpukuvg" gp"nc" tgrctcek„p" fg"w p"
fc‚q"codkgpvcn"ukoknct"cn" rtqfwekfq"ewcpfq"guvg"¿nvkoq"pq"ugc"uw uegrvkdng"fg"tgrc−
tcek„p0"Guvg"ogecpkuoq"fg"tgrctcek„p"fgn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn"guvƒ"tghgtkfq"gp"gn"ctvewnq"
39"fg"nc"NHTC."ugi¿ p"gn"ewcn."nc" eqorgpucek„p"fgn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn" eqpukuvktƒ"gp"nc"
kpxgtuk„p"q"ncu"ceekqpgu"swg"gn"tgurqpucdng"jcic"c"uw"ectiq."swg"igpgtgp"wpc"oglqtc"
codkgpvcn."uwuvkvwvkxc"fg"nc"tgrctcek„p"vqvcn"q"rctekcn"fgn"fc‚q"qecukqpcfq"cn"codkgp−
vg."ugi¿p"eqttgurqpfc."{"gswkxcngpvg"c"nqu"ghgevqu"cfxgtuqu"qecukqpcfqu"rqt"gn"fc‚q0"
Cn"kiwcn"swg"gp"gn"ecuq"fg"nc"tgrctc ek„p"kp"pcvwtc."gn"rtgegrvq"gp"e qogpvctkq"vcodkfip"
guvcdngeg"cniwpqu"etkvgtkqu"swg"t kigp"c"nc"tgrctcek„p"kp"pcvwtc"uwuvkvwvc."c"ucdgt
Ctvewnq"390/"]È̲
Nc"kpxgtuk„p"q"ceekqpgu"fgdgt ƒp"jcegtug"gp" gn"gequkuvgoc"q"tgik„p" geqn„−
ikec"gp" fqpfg" ug" jwdkgug"qecukqpcfq" gn"f c‚q0"Fg" tguwnvct" guvq" ocvgtkcn−
ogpvg"korqukdng."nc"kpxgtuk„p"q"ncu"ceekqpgu"ug"nngxctƒp"c"ecdq"gp"wp"nwict"
cnvgtpcvkxq." xkpewncfq" geqn„ikec" {" igqitƒÝecogpvg" cn" ukvkq" fc‚cfq" {" gp"
dgpgÝekq"fg"nc"eqowpkfcf" chgevcfc0"Gp"guvg" ¿nvkoq"ecuq."ugtƒp" crnkecdngu"
nqu"etkvgtkqu"uqdtg"ukvkqu"rtkqtkvctkqu"fg"tgrctcek„p"fg"fc‚qu."swg"gp"uw"ecuq"
gzrkfc" nc" Ugetgvctc" gp" vfit okpqu" fg" nq" fkurwguvq" rqt" nc" Ugeek„p" Ekpeq."
Ecrvwnq" Vgtegtq"fgn" rtgugpvg" Vvwnq0" Gn" tgurqpucdng" rqftƒ" ewornkt" eqp"
nc"qdnkicek„p"rtgxkuvc"gp" gn"rtgugpvg"ct vewnq."ogfkcpvg"nc"eqpv tcvcek„p"fg"
vgtegtqu0
Gu"fgekt."gn"rtgegrvq"ekvcfq"eqpucitc"gn"rt kpekrkq"fg"nc"tgrctcek„p"kp"pcvwtc."swg"
kornkec"fgxqnxgt"ncu"equcu"cn" guvcfq"gp" swg"ug"gpeqpvtcdcp" cpvgu"fg"swg" gn"fc‚q"ug"
rtqfwlgtc."rgtq"eqp"tgncek„p"c"qvtq"fc‚q"fkuvk pvq"c"cswgn"swg"hwg"qdlgvq"fg"nc"ceek„p"
fg"tgurqpucdknkfcf"rqt"fc‚qu"cn"codkgpvg0
Nc"NHTC" vcodkfip"ug"tgÝgtg"c" wpc"ucpek„p"geqp„okec"swg." fg"eqphqtokfcf"e qp"
gn"ctvewnq"3;."pq"gu"u wuvkvwvkxc."eqoq"qew ttg"gp"gn" ecuq"fg"nc"tgurqpu cdknkfcf"ekxkn."
ukpq"ceeguqtkc"fg"nc"tgrctcek„p"kp"pcvwtc"gp"ew cnswkgtc"fg"uwu"hqtocu0"
Guvc"ucpek„p"rgewpkctkc"eqpukuvktƒ"gp"gn"rciq"fg"wpc"ecpvkfcf"fg"fkpgtq"gswkxcngpvg"c
Ctvewnq"3;0/"]È̲
Fg"vtguekgpvqu"c"ekpewgpvc"okn"fcu"fg"ucnctkq"opkoq"igpgtcn"xkigpvg"gp"gn"
Fkuvtkvq"Hgfgtcn"cn"oqogpvq"fg"korqpgt"nc"ucpek„p."ewcpfq"gn"tgurqpucdng"
ugc"w pc"rg tuqpc"h ukec0"Fg" okn" c" ugkuekgpvqu"okn" fcu" fg" ucnctkq" opkoq"
igpgtcn"xkigpvg"gp" gn"Fkuvtkvq"Hgfgtcn" cn"oqogpvq"fg"k orqpgt"nc"ucpek„p."
ewcpfq"nc"tgurqpucdng"ugc"wpc"rgtuqpc"oqtcn0
589
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
Fg"eqphqtokfcf"eqp"gn"ctvewnq"45"fg"nc"NHTC."nc"ucpek„p"geqp„okec"ugtƒ"fgvgt−
okpcfc"rqt"gn"lwg¦"vqocpfq"gp"ewgpvc"nc"ecrcekfcf"geqp„okec"fg"nc"rgtuqpc"tgurqp−
ucdng"rctc"tgcnk¦c t"gn"rciq."cu"eqoq"nqu"n okvgu."tgswkukvqu"{"ic tcpvcu"rtgxkuvqu"g p"
uw"hcxqt"rqt"nc" ERGWO."nc"it cxgfcf"fgn"fc‚q" qecukqpcfq"{"gn"ec tƒevgt"kpvgpekqpcn"
q"pginkigpvg"fg"nc"xkqncek„p."cugiwtƒpfqug"swg"ug"pgwvtcnkeg"gn"dgpgÝekq"geqp„okeq"
qdvgpkfq."uk"nq"jwdkgtg."{" ug"ictcpvkeg"rt kqtkvctkcogpvg"gn" oqpvq"fg"ncu"g tqicekqpgu"
fgn"cevqt"q" cevqtgu"swg" jc{cp"ukfq"pgeguctkc u"rctc"ce tgfkvct"nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf0"Gp"
ecfc"ecuq."gn"„ticpq"lwtkufkeekqpcn"rtgxgtƒ"swg"nc"ucpek„p"geqp„okec"ugc"enctcogpvg"
uwÝekgpvg"rctc" nqitct"nqu" Ýpgu"fg"k pjkdkek„p"{"rtgxgpek„p"igpgt cn"{"gurgekcn" c"swg"
jceg"tghgtgpekc"gn"ctvewnq"4ο0."htceek„p"ZK"fg"guc"Ng{0
Nc"ucpek„p" geqp„okec"c" swg" pqu"tghgtkoqu" vcodkfip"g u"wp" ogecpkuoq" fg"tgrc−
tcek„p" fgn"f c‚q" codkgpvcn" rwgu." cwpswg" gn" ctvewnq" 4̇" fg" nc" okuoc" ug‚cnc" swg" nc"
ucpek„p" geqp„okec" eqpukuvg" gp" ÐGn" rciq" korwguvq" rqt" nc" cwvqtkfcf" lwfkekcn" rctc"
rgpcnk¦ct" wpc" eqpfwev c" knekvc" fc‚quc." fqnquc" eqp" nc" Ýpcnkfcf" fg" nqitct" wp c" rtg−
xgpek„p"igpgtcn"{" gurgekcn" g"kpjkdk t"gp" gn"hwvwtq" eqorqtvco kgpvqu"rtqjkdkfquÑ."fg"
eqphqtokfcf"eqp" gn"ctvewnq"68" guc"ucpek„p"geqp„okec"ug" fguvkpc"cn"Hqpfq"fg" Tgu−
rqpucdknkfcf"Codkgpvcn0
Guvg"rtgegrvq"ug‚cnc
Ctvewnq"680/"]È̲
Gn"Hqpfq"guvctƒ"dclq"nc"xkikncpekc."uwrgtxkuk„p"{"eqqtfkpcek„p"fg"nc"Ugetg−
vctc."{"uw"rcvt koqpkq"ug"kpvgitctƒ"eqp
K0" Nc"ucpek„p"geqp„okec"tghgtkfc"gp"nc"htceek„p"ZKX"fgn"ctvewnq"4q0"fg"nc"
rtgugpvg"Ng{0
KK0" Nqu"fgoƒu"tgewtuqu"swg"qdvgpic"rqt"ewcnswkgt"qv tq"eqpegrvq0
Cjqtc"dkgp."gp"vfitok pqu"fgn"ctvewnq"67"fg"nc"rtqrkc"NHTC
Gn"Hqpfq" fg" Tgurqpucdknkfcf" Codkgpvcn" vgpftƒ" eqoq" qdlgvq"gn" rciq" fg"
nc"tgrctcek„p"fg"nqu"fc‚qu"swg" ugcp"qecukqpcfqu"cn"codkgpvg."gp"nqu"ecuqu"
swg"rqt" tc¦qpgu" fg" wtigpekc" q"k orqtvcpekc" fgvgtokpg" nc" cfokpkuv tcek„p"
r¿dnkec"hgfgtcn."cfg oƒu"fgn"rciq" fg"nqu"guv wfkqu"g"k pxguvkicekqpgu"swg"gn"
lwg¦"tgswkgtc"tgcnk¦c t"c"nc"Ugetgvct c"q"nc"Rtqewt cfwtc"fwtcpvg" gn"rtqeguq"
lwtkufkeekqpcn"fg"tgurqpucdknkfcf"codkgpvcn0
Rqt"nq" v cpvq." nc"u cpek„p"g eqp„okec"pq" gu" p k" wpc" kpfgopk¦c ek„p"rgew pkctkc" cn"
guvknq"fgn"fg tgejq"ekxkn."pk" wpc"ownv c"gp"vfi tokpqu"fgn" fgtgejq"cfok pkuvtcvkxq."ukpq"
wp"ogecp kuoq"fg"tgrc tcek„p"igpfitkec"fgn" fc‚q"codkgpvcn" ew{q"oqpvq."c" vtcxfiu"fg"
Hqpfq."ug"fktkig"cn"rciq"fg"fc‚qu"cn"codkgpvg0
ΙΙ. Λα ρεπαραχι⌠ν δελ δα〉ο εν οτρασ λε ψεσ αµβιενταλεσ
Eqoq"nq" eqogpvcoqu" cn"kp kekq"fg" guvg"crc tvcfq." nc"NHT C"pq" gu" gn"¿pkeq" qtfgpc−
okgpvq"lw tfkeq"swg" ug" tgÝgtg"c" nc" tgrctcek„p" fgn"fc‚q" codkgpvcn0" Rqt"glgornq." gn"
590 αλεγατοσ,"p¿o0";6."Ofizkeq."ugrvkgodtg1fkekgodtg"fg"4238
Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
ctvewnq"8:"fg"nc"Ng{"Igpgtcn"rct c"nc"Rtgxgpek„p"{"Iguvk„p"Kpvgitcn"fg"nqu"Tgukfwqu"
*NIRIKT+" ug‚cnc" swg" Ðswkgpgu"t guwnvgp" tgurqpucdngu" fg" nc" eqpvcokpcek„p" fg" wp"
ukvkq."cu" eqoq" fg"fc‚qu" c" nc" ucnwf"eqoq" eqpugewgpekc" fg" guvc." guvctƒp" qdnkicfqu"
c"tgrctct"gn"fc‚q"ecwucfq."eqphqtog"c"ncu"f kurqukekqpgu"ngicngu"eqttgurqpfkgpvguÑ0
Gp"eqorngogpvq."gn"ctvewnq"99"fgn"o kuoq"qtfgpcokgpvq"kpfkec"swg"Ðnc u"ceekqpgu"
gp"ocvgtkc"fg" tgogfkcek„p"fg"ukvkqu"{"fg" tgrctcek„p"{"eqorgpucek„p" fg"fc‚qu"qec−
ukqpcfqu"cn"codkgpvg."rtgxkuvcu"g p"guvg"ecrvwnq."ug"nngxctƒp" c"ecdq"fg"eqphqtokfc f"
eqp"nq"swg"ug‚ cng"gn"Tgincogpvq."{"c" nq"fkurwguvq"rqt" nc"Ng{"Hgfgtcn"fg" Tgurqpuc−
dknkfcf"CodkgpvcnÑ0
Cjqtc"dkgp."gn"Tgincogpvq"fg"nc"NIRIKT"gu"owejq"oƒu"fgvcnncfq"swg"nc"NHTC
gp"ewcpvq"c"nqu"ogecpkuoqu"fg"tg rctcek„p"fgn"fc‚q0"Cn"tgurgevq."gn"ctv ewnq"354"fgn"
Tgincogpvq"fg"nc"NIRIKT"ug‚cnc"swg"ewcpfq"ug"eqpvcokpg"wp"ukvkq"fg tkxcfq"fg"wpc"
gogtigpekc6;"q"ewcpfq"gzkuvc"wp"rcukxq"codkgpvcn.72"fgdgtƒ"gncdqtctug"wp"rtqitcoc"
fg"tgogfkcek„p="{"gn"ctvewnq"356"rtgguetkdg"swg
Ctvewnq" 3560/"Nqu"rtqitcocu" fg"tgogfkcek„p." ugi¿p"eqtt gurqpfc."ug" kp−
vgitcp"eqp
" K0" Guvwfkqu"fg"ectcevgt k¦cek„p="
" KK0" Guvwfkqu"fg"gxcnwcek„p"fg"tkguiq"codkgpvcn="
" KKK0" Kpxguvkicekqpgu"jkuv„tkecu="{
" KX0" Ncu"rtqrwguvcu"fg"tgogfkcek„p0
Eqoq"ug"qdugtxc."guvg"Tgincogpvq"eqpvgornc"ogecp kuoqu"swg"rgtokvgp"kfgpvk−
Ýect"ewƒn"gtc"gn"Ðguvc fq"dcugÑ"fgn"codkgpvg"fc‚cfq.73"cu"eqoq"et kvgtkqu"rctc"fgvgt−
okpct"gn"xpewnq"fg"ecwucnkfc f.74"gngogpvqu"swg"guvƒp"cwugpvgu"gp"nc"NHTC0
Gp"gn"okuoq" ugpvkfq."nc"NIGGRC"guvcdngeg"w p"guvƒpfc t"fg"tgrct cek„p"fgn"fc‚q"
codkgpvcn"fkuvkpvq"cn"swg"eqpvkgpg"nc"NHTC0"
6;" Fg" cewg tfq" cn" ct vewnq" 354" fgn" ogpekqpc fq" tgincogpv q." gzkuvg" gog tigpekc
fgn"ukv kq" fgtkxg" fg" wp c" ektewpu vcpekc" q" gxgpvq" k pfgugcfq" q" k pgurgtc fq="s wg" qewt tc" tgrgpvk pcogpvg" {"
swg"vtckic" eqoq"tguwnv cfq"nc"nkd gtcek„p"pq"e qpvtqncfc." kpegpfkq"q" gzrnquk„p"fg"wpq" q"xctkqu" ocvgtkcngu"
rgnkitququ"q"tgukfwqu"rgn kitququ"swg"chgevgp"nc"ucnwf"jwo cpc"q"gn"ogfkq"codkgpvg."fg"ocpgtc"kp ogfkcvc0
72" Gp"gn"okuoq" ctvewnq" 354."ug"fgÝpg" c"rcukxq"codkgpv cn."eqoq"cs wgnnqu"ukvkqu"eq pvcokpcfq u"rqt"nc"nk dg−
tcek„p"f g"ocvgt kcngu"q" tgukfwqu" rgnkitququ." swg"pq" hwgtqp" tgogfkcfq u"qrqtv wpcogpvg" rctc" korgfkt" nc"
fkurgtuk„p" fg"eqpv cokpcpvg u."rgtq" swg"k ornkecp"w pc"qdnkicek„p" fg" tgogfkcek„p0" Gp"guv c"fgÝp kek„p"ug"
kpenw{g"nc"eqpvco kpcek„p"igpgtcf c"rqt"wpc"gogtigp ekc"swg"vgpic"ghgevqu"uqdt g"gn"ogfkq"codkgpvg0
73" Ctvewnq" 356."rƒttc hq"vgtegtq ÐNqu"rtqit cocu"fg" tgogfkcek„p" ug"gncdqtct ƒp"eqp"d cug"gp"gn" guvwfkq" fg"
ectcevgt k¦cek„p"{."gp"uw"ecuq."gp"gn"fg"gxcnwcek„p"fg"tkguiq"codkgpv cn0"Gp"nc"gncdqtcek„p"fg"nqu"rtqitcocu"
fg"tgogfkcek„p"rc tc"rcukxqu"codkgpvcng u"vcodkfip"ug"eqpukfg tctƒp"ncu"kpxguv kicekqpgu"jkuv„t kecuÑ0
74" Ctvewnq" 356."rƒtt chq"ewct vq kpxguvkicekqp gu"vgpft ƒp"eqoq" Ýpcnkfcf" guvcdngegt" ncu"cevkx kfcfgu"
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Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
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Πορ συ παρτε, λα Λεψ Γενεραλ
δε ςιδα Σιλϖεστρε (ΛΓςΣ) εν
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ρεσταυραχι⌠ν χυανδο σε τρατα
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δελ η〈βιτατ δε λα ϖιδα σιλϖεστρε.
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Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
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X0 Ελ χαρ〈χτερ ρεγρεσιϖο δε λα ΛΦΡΑ
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593
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
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nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"codkgpvcn"eqoq"tgurqpucdknkfcf"qdlgvkxc.78"nc"NHTC"guvcdngeg"gp"
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δαδ πορ ελ δα〉ο αµ βιενταλ."Ofizkeq."KOKFC."4236."rr0"83/9;0
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Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
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595
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
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dng"fg"nc"xevkoc0
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fgn"owpfq"jcp"kpxgtvkfq"nc"ectic"fg"nc"rtwgdc"eqp"gn" Ýp"fg"hceknkvct"gn" ceeguq"c"nc"
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ek„p"fg"ncu"citgukqpgu"cn"codkgpvg0"
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fc‚q"codkgpvcn"jc"ukfq"tgrctcfq0"Eqoq"nq"jgoqu"ug‚cncfq"gn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn"u„nq"ug"
tgrctc"uk"ug"fgxwgnxg"cn"codkgpvg"nc"ecrcekfcf"fg"ugt"uqrqtvg"fg"xkfc0"
Gn"ctvewnq"35"fg"nc"NHTC"uquvkgpg"c"guvg"tgurgevq"swg"nc"tguvcwtcek„p"fgn"fc‚q"
codkgpvcn"eqpukuvktƒ"gp"nc"tguvkvwek„p"c"uw"guvcfq"dcug"nqu"jƒdkvcvu."nqu"gequkuvgocu."
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7:" Xficug ƒng¦"Oƒtswg¦."Nc" tgurqpucdknkfc f"rqt"gn"fc‚q"cod kgpvcn"gp"Ofizke q0"Gn"rctcfki/
µα δε λα ρεπαραχι⌠ ν."Ofizkeq."WCO/Okiwgn"èpign"Rqtt ¿c."4224."rr0"389/4270
596 αλεγατοσ,"p¿o0";6."Ofizkeq."ugrvkgodtg1fkekgodtg"fg"4238
Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
ecu."cu"eqoq"nqu"ugtxkekqu"codkgpvcngu"swg"rtqrqtekqpcp."ogfkcpvg"nc"tguvcwtcek„p."
tguvcdngekokgpvq." vtcvcokgpvq." tgewrgtcek„p"q" tgogfkcek„p="rgtq" guvc"tginc"swgfc"
kpeqorngvc"cn"pq"ug‚cnct"swg"gn"qdlgvkxq"fg"nc"tgrctcek„p"eqpukuvg"gp"swg"gn"codkgpvg"
tgewrgtg"uwu"cvtkdwvqu"gugpekcngu"eqoq"uqrqtvg"fg"xkfc0"
Nc"kpvgtrtgvcek„p"fg"nqu"Vtkdwpcngu"Eqngikcfqu"fg"Ektewkvq"jc"tgeqikfq"guvc"tginc"
gp"nc"ukiwkgpvg"vguku
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Tgikuvtq
Kpuvcpekc
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Hwgpvg
Nkdtq"ZK."Ciquvq"fg"4234."Vqoq"4"
Ocvgtkc*u+fokpkuvtcvkxc"
Vguku2"C"*;c0+"
Rƒikpc
OGFKQ"CODKGPVG0"NC"KPFGOPK¥CEKïP"RQT"FC¢QU"["RGTLWK−
EKQU"ECWUCFQU."FGDG"KPENWKT"UW"TGOGFKCEKïP."FG"CEWGT−
FQ"EQP"GZKIGPEKCU"FKXGTUCU"C"NC"OCVGTKC"EKXKN0
C"fkhgtgpekc"fg"nq"swg" uwegfg"eqp"nqu"fc‚qu"ecwucfqu"gp"ocvgtkc"fg"tgu−
rqpucdknkfcf" ekxkn" eqpvtcevw cn" {" gzvtceqpvtcevwc n." gn"f c‚q" codkgpvcn" pq"
rwgfg" ugt" guvwfkcfq" u„nq" fgufg" wpc" rgturgev kxc"og tcogpvg" geqp„okec"
g"kpfkxkfwcnkuvc="rqt"eqpukiwkgpvg." gp" vcpvq"kornkec"wp" korcevq" uwegukxq"
cn" gswknkdtkq" codkgpvcn." cvgpvq" c" nq" ewcn." nc" kpfgo pk¦cek„p" rqt" fc‚qu" {"
rgtlwkekqu" fgdg" kpenwkt" nc" tgogfkcek„p" fgn" ogfkq" codkgpvg" chgevcfq0" Cn"
tgurgevq."gn"ctvewnq"5q0."htceek„p"ZZZKKK."fg"nc"Ng{"Igpgtcn"fgn"Gswknkdtkq"
Geqn„ikeq"{"nc"Rtqvgeek„p"cn"Codkgpvg."guvcdngeg"gn"eqpegrvq"fg"tgrctcek„p"
q"tgogfkcek„p"fgn"ogfkq"codkgpvg"chgevcfq"eqoq−
fcfgu" vgpfgpvgu"c"nc" tgewrgtcek„p"{" tguvcdngekokgpvq" fg" ncu"eqpfkekqpgu"
swg"rtqrkekcp" nc"gxqnwek„p"{" eqpvkpwkfcf" fg"nqu" rtqeguqu" pcvwtcnguÑ0"Rqt"
nq"vcpvq." tguwnvc"swg"nc"tgrctcek„p"fgn" korcevq"codkgpvcn"pq"u„nq" kpenw{g"
wpc"fkogpuk„p"geqp„okec."ukpq" vcodkfip"ug" vtcfweg"gp"cevkxkfcfgu" fg"tg−
ogfkcek„p."tgewrgtcek„p"q"okvkicek„p" fg"ncu" eqpugewgpekcu"ecwucfcu"rqt"
nc"cevkxkfcf"geqp„okec"fgurngicfc0
EWCTVQ"VT KDWPCN" EQNGIKCFQ" GP" OCVGTKC" C FOKPKUVTC−
VKXC"FGN"RTKOGT"EKTEWKVQ0
Corctq"fktgevq"389142330"Fgucttqnnq"Octkpc"Xcnnctvc."U0C0"fg"E0X0"4;"fg"
ugrvkgodtg"fg"42330"Wpcpkokfcf"fg"xqvqu0"Rqpgpvg−
vkv0"Ugetgvctkcnqtgu"Tqftiwg¦0
597
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
Gp"eqpeqtfcpekc"eqp"nq"ug‚cncfq."fg"cewgtfq"eqp"gn"ctvewnq"36."nc"eqorgpucek„p"
geqp„okec"rtqegfgtƒ"ewc pfq"nc"tguvcwtcek„p"gu" ocvgtkcn"q"vfiep kecogpvg"korqukdng."
nq"ewcn"gu"eqjgtgpvg"eqp" nc"vgpfgpekc"oquvtcfc" rqt"gn"fgtgejq"eqorctcfq0"Gorgtq."
guvg"ctvewnq"c‚cfg"wpc"ugtkg"fg"ecuqu"fqpfg"nc"tguvcwtcek„p"rwgfg"ugt"uwuvkvwkfc"rqt"
wpc"eqorgpucek„p" geqp„okec."nq"ewcn" pq"gu"ugpeknnq0"Nqu" ecuqu"uqp"fguetkvqu" gp"nc"
htceek„p" KK" fgn" ctvewnq" 36" swg" dƒukecogpvg" uquvkgpg" swg" gn" fc‚q" tguwnvcfq" fg" ncu"
cevkxkfcfgu" nngxcfcu"c" ecdq" ukp"vgpgt" nc" cwvqtk¦cek„p"fg" nc" gxcnwcek„p"fgn" korcevq"
codkgpvcn"q"ukp"vgpgt"cwvqtk¦c ek„p"uqdtg"gn"ecodkq"fgn"wuq"fg"uwgnq."rwgfg"ugt"eqo−
rgpucfq"eqp"gn"Ýp"fg"qdvgpgt"fkejcu"cwvqtk¦cekqpgu0"Guvc"gu"qvtc"tc¦„p"rctc"eqpenwkt"
swg"nc"NHTC"gu"tgitgukxc0
Gp"swkpvq" nwict."nc" NHTC" pq" oqfkÝec"nqu" ctvewnqu" fgn"E„fkiq" Hgfgtcn"Rtqeg−
fkokgpvqu"Ekxkngu"*EHRE+"gp"nq"swg"ug"tgÝgtg"cn" cnecpeg"fg"nc"ugpvgpekc0"Gn"ct vewnq"
56;"fgn"qtfgpcokgpvq"ekvcfq"eqpvkgpg"wpc"tginc"ugi¿p"nc"ewcn"nc"ugpvgpekc"ug"qewrctƒ"
gzenwukxcogpvg"fg"ncu"rgtuqpcu."equcu."ceekqpgu"{"gzegrekqpgu"swg"jc{cp"ukfq"ocvg−
tkc"fgn"lwkekq0"Rgtq"gp"ocvgtkc"c odkgpvcn."guvg"rtkpekrkq"nkokvc" gn"cfgewcfq"ceeguq"c"
nc"lwuvkekc."rqt"nq"swg"gp"owejqu"rcugu"ncu"ugpvgpekcu"gp"ocvgtkc"codkgpvcn"vkgpgp"wp"
cnecpeg"εργα οµνεσ"rctc"rgtokvkt"swg"wpc"xg¦"rtqdcfq"gn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn"{"fgvgtok−
pcfq"gn"xpew nq"fg"ecwucnkfcf." rwgfcp"dgpgÝekctug" fg"nc"fgenctcek„p" lwfkekcn"vqfqu"
cswgnnqu"rctvkewnctgu"swg"cfgoƒu"fg"jcd gt"ukfq"chgevcfqu"gp"uw"fkuhtwvg"fgn"fgtgejq"
c"wp" ogfkq"codkgpvg"cfgewc fq."nq"ugcp" vcodkfip"gp"uw u"rcvtkoqpkqu07;" Guvc"gu"qv tc"
fg"ncu"fgÝekgpekcu"fg"nc"NHTC"swg"jcegp"fg"guvg"qtfgpcokgpvq"w pc"ng{"tgitgukxc0
Hkpcnogpvg."nc"NHTC"gu"tgitgukxc"rqtswg"gp"gn"ecuq"fg"ncu"qticpk¦cekqpgu"ekxkngu."
ncu"rgtuqpcu"oqt cngu"ekxkngu"ogzkecpcu"ukp" Ýpgu"fg"nwetq."ug" nkokvc"uw"ngikvk ocek„p"
rtqegucn"c"cevwct"eqoq"ogtqu"tgrtgugpvcpvgu"fg"cni¿p"jcdkvcpvg"fg"ncu"eqowpkfcfgu"
chgevcfcu." okgpvtcu" swg"gn"EH RE"tgeqpqeg" swg"fkejcu" cuqekcekqpgu"rwgfgp" kpkekct"
wpc"ceek„p"codkgpvcn"cevwcpfq"c"pqodtg"rtqrkq"*ctvewnq"7:7."htceek„p"KKK+0"
Gp"ghgevq."gn"ct vewnq"7:7."htceek„p"KK K"fgn"EHRE"ug ‚cnc"swg"vkgpgp" ngikvkocek„p"
cevkxc"rctc"glgtekvct"ncu"ceekqpgu"eqngevkxcu"gpvtg" qvtqu."Ðncu"cuqekcekqpgu"ekxkngu"ukp"
Ýpgu"fg" nwetq"ngicnogpvg"eqpuv kvwkfcu"cn" ogpqu"wp" c‚q"rtgxkq"cn" oqogpvq"fg"rtg −
ugpvct"nc"ceek„p."ew{q"qdlgvq"uqekcn"kpenw{c"nc"rtqoqek„p"q"fghgpuc"fg"nqu"fgtgejqu"g"
kpvgtgugu"fg"nc"ocvgtkc"fg"swg"ug"vtcvg"{"swg"eworncp"eqp"nqu"tgswkukvqu"guvcdngekfqu"
gp"guvg"E„fkiqÑ0
Gp"eqpvtcuvg."gn"ctvewnqu"4:."htceek„p"KK."ug‚cnc"swg"ug"tgeqpqeg"fgtgejq"g"kpvgtfiu"
ngivkoq"rctc"glgtegt"ceek„p"{"fgocpfct"lwfkekcnogpvg"nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"codkgpvcn."
nc"tgrctcek„p" {"eqorgpucek„p" fg"nqu"f c‚qu"qecukqpcfqu" cn"codkgpvg."gn" rciq"fg"nc"
ucpek„p"geqp„okec."cu"eqoq"ncu"rtguvcekqpgu"c"ncu"swg"ug"tgÝgtg"gn"rtgugpvg"Vvwnq"c"
ÐNcu"rgtuqpcu"oqtcngu"rtkxcfcu"ogzkecpcu."ukp"Ýpgu"fg"nwetq."ew{q"qdlgvq"uqekcn"ugc"
nc"rtqvgeek„p"cn"c odkgpvg"gp"igpgtcn."q" fg"cniwpq"fg" uwu"gngogpvqu."ewcpfq" cev¿gp"
gp"tgrtgugpvcek„p"fg"cni¿p"jcdkvcpvg"fg"ncu"eqowpkfcfgu"rtgxkuvcu"gp"nc"ht ceek„p"KÑ0
7;" Lqufi"Lwcp"Iqp¦ƒng¦"Oƒtsw g¦."ÐNc"tgurqpucdkn kfcf"rqt"gn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn"gp"Cofit kec"NcvkpcÑ."Rtqitcoc"
fg"ncu"Pcekqpgu"Wpk fcu"rctc"gn"Ogfkq"Codk gpvg."Ugtkg"Fqew ogpvqu"uqdtg"Fgtgejq"C odkgpvcn."r0"3380
598 αλεγατοσ,"p¿o0";6."Ofizkeq."ugrvkgodtg1fkekgodtg"fg"4238
Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
Rqt"guvc"tc¦„p"nqu"ct vewnqu"4:"htceek„p"KK"{"4;"fg" nc"NHTC"jcp"ukfq"fgenctcfqu."
tgekgpvgogpvg."kpeqpuvkvwekqpcngu." vcn"eqoq"ug"fg urtgpfg"fg"nc"ukiwkgpvg" tguqnwek„p"
fg"corctq
Rtkogtc"Ucnc"fg"nc"Uwrtgoc"Eqtv g"fg"Lwuvkekc"fg"nc"Pcek„p
71:138
]È̲"Cw pcfq"c"gnnq."pq" fgdg"rgtfgtug" fg"xkuvc" swg"ug"cfweg" wpc"xkqncek„p"
cn" rtkpekrkq"fg" rtqitgukxkfcf." nc" ewcn" vcodkfip" tgswkgtg" wpc" lwuvkÝecek„p"
gurgeÝec."rwgu"cn" xgtuct"uqdtg"wpc" rqukdng"tgitguk„p"cn"iqeg"fg" nqu"fgtg−
ejqu."pq"fgdgp"ugt"ctdkvtctkcu."ukpq"tc¦qpcdngu."gu"fgekt."lwuv kÝecfcu"rqt"nqu"
jgejqu"{"nc u"ektewpuv cpekcu"swg" ngu"jcp" fcfq"qtkigp." rqt"ncu" pgegukfcfgu"
fg"ucnxciwctfct"gn"kpvgtfiu"r¿dnkeq"eqortqogvkfq="cu"eqoq"rtqrqtekqpcngu"
c"nqu"Ýpgu"swg"ug"rtqewtc"cnecp¦ct"eqp"gnncu="oƒz kog"uk"ug"vqoc"gp"ewgpvc"
swg"wpc"ogfkfc"tgitgukxc"pq"rwgfg"ugt"eqpvtctkc"cn"p¿engq"fgn"fgtgejq"swg"
ug"rtgvgpfg"nkokvct0
Fg" guc" hqtoc." ncu" nncocfc u" ceekqpgu" eqngevkxcu"* rtgxkuvcu" gp" gn" E„fkiq"
Hgfgtcn"fg"Rtqegfkokgpvqu"Ekxkngu+"eqpuvkvw{gp"wpc"xc"lwfkekcn."guvq"gu."ug"
vtcvc"fg" wp"ogecpkuoq"rtqe gucn"{"uqp"rtgekucog pvg"ceekqpgu"rtqoqxkfcu"
rctc"nc" rtqvgeek„p"fg" fgtgejqu"eqngevkxqu"q" fkhwuqu" *fgtgejqu"q"kpvgtgugu"
fg" itwrq+."g u" fgekt."ug" v tcvc" fg" wpc" eqngevkxkfcf" fgvgt okpcfc" q" kpfgv gt−
okpcfc0" Cu." ncu" ceekqpgu" eqngevkxcu" rgt okvgp." rqt" wp" ncfq." cugiwtc t" gn"
ceeguq"c"nc"vwvgnc"lwfkekcn"rctc"fghgpfgt"fgtgejqu"eqngevkxqu"q"fkhwuqu"swg."
fg"qvtq" oqfq."swgfct cp"hwgtc ."uk"rct vkoqu"fg" swg"nqu" ukuvgocu"lwt fkequ"
rtgxfip"rqt"nq"igpgtcn"ogfkqu"fg"fghgpuc"fg"fgtgejqu"gp"nq"kpfkxkfwcn="rqt"
qvtq."eqcf{wxcp"c"nc"geqpqoc"rtqegucn"{"gxkvcp"nc"gokuk„p"fg"tg uqnwekqpgu"
eqpvtcfkevqtkcu0
Gp"ecodkq."gp"gn"ctvewnq"4:."rtkogt"rƒttchq."htceek„p"KK."{"ugiwpfq"rƒttchq."
fg"nc"Ng{"Hgfgtcn"fg"Tgurqpucdknkfcf"Codkgpvcn."ug"tguvtkpik„"fkejc"rtgttq−
icvkxc."rwgu"ug"guvcdngekgtqp"eqoq"tgswkukvqu"rctc"swg"ncu"rgtuqpcu"oqtcngu"
rtkxcfcu"ogzkecpcu"ukp"Ýpgu"fg"nwetq."ew{q"qdlgvq"uqekcn"ugc"nc"rtqvgeek„p"cn"
ogfkq"codkgpvg"gp"igpgtcn."fgocpfgp"nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"codkgpvcn0
Nq" cpvgtkqt" gxkfgpekc" swg" gn" ngikuncfqt" guvcdngek„" enctcogpvg" uwrwguvqu"
fkxgtuqu" fg" rtqegfgpekc" tgurgevq" fg" fqu" ogecpkuoqu" fg" rtqvgeek„p" fgn"
ogfkq"codkgpvg=" ukp" swg"lwuvkÝectc" gn" vtcvq"f khgtgpekcfq."tgurgevq" fg"
λα λεγιτιµαχι⌠ν δε λασ ασοχιαχιονεσ χιϖιλεσ, εν αχχιονεσ θυε τενδρ〈ν υν
οβϕετο σιµιλαρ, χοµο λο εσ λα προτεχχι⌠ν αλ µεδιο αµβιεντε.
Gp"gucu"eqpfkekqpgu."eqoq"ug"cÝtoc"gp"nc"ugpvgpekc"tgewttkfc."gp"cvgpek„p"
c"nc" ραζοναβιλ ιδαδ θυε δεβε τενερ ελ λεγισλαδορ αλ µοδυλαρ δερεχηοσ
ηυµανοσ, χοµο λο εσ λα ιµπλεµενταχι⌠ν δε λοσ µεχανισµοσ δε δεφενσα
cn" ogfkq" codkgpvg." gtc" pgeguctkq" swg" ug" lwuvkÝectc" gn" vtcvq" fkhgtgp−
χιαδο εν λα νορµατιϖιδαδ, ρε σπεχτο δε λα ιµποσιχι⌠ν δε ρεθυισιτοσ εν
λα λεγιτιµαχι⌠ν α ασοχιαχιονεσ χιϖιλε σ, θυε ινηιβεν ελ εϕερχιχιο δε λα αχ−
χι⌠ν, χυανδο αµβασ αχχιονεσ τιενεν πορ οβϕετο λα προτεχχι⌠ν δε βιενεσ
599
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
ϕυρδιχοσ σιµιλαρεσ, χοµο λο εσ ελ µεδιο αµβιεντε εν τρµινοσ δελ αρτ−
χυλο 17 χονστιτυχιοναλ."gnnq"eqp" nc"Ýpcnkfcf"fg" pq"igpgtct"kpegt vkfwodtg"
lwtfkec"gp"nqu"rctvkewnctgu"*È+0
Gp"eqpugewgpekc."vc odkfip"fgufg"guvg"rwpvq"fg" xkuvc"nc"NHT C"gu"wpc" Ng{"tgitg−
ukxc0
XK0 Χονχλυσιονεσ
Gn"cpƒnkuku" fg" ncu"vgpfgpekcu" swg" owguvtc"gn" fgtgejq" codkgpvcn"ogzkecpq." fwtcpvg"
ncu"vtgu"rtkogtcu"gvcrcu"fg"uw"gxqnwek„p."fc"ewgpvc"fg"wp"rtqeguq"gp"gn"ewcn"guvc"fku−
ekrnkpc"lwt fkec"xc"c fswktkgpfq"uw" cwvqpqoc"g" kfgpvkfcf" rtqrkc."fgurtgpfkfipfqug."
cn"ogpqu"rctekcnogpvg." fgn"fgtgejq"cfokp kuvtcvkxq"swg"gp"uw" qtkigp"ng"rtqrqtekqpc"
nc"vfiepkec"fgn"eqocpfq"{"eqpvtqn"eqoq"ogecpkuoq"rctc"rtgxgpkt"f c‚qu"cn"gpvqtpq0
Cukokuoq." gug" cpƒnkuku" knwuvtc" e„oq" gn" fgtgejq" codkgpvcn" xc" rcucpfq" rqeq" c"
rqeq"fgn"qdlgvkxq"fg"nc"ogtc"rtgxgpek„p"jcekc"nc"tgrctcek„p"fgn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn0"
Fg" guvc" ocpgtc." fwt cpvg" nc" ewctvc" gvcrc" fg" nc" jkuv qtkc" fgn" fgtgejq" codkgpvcn"
ogzkecpq"qewttgp"wpc"ugtkg"fg"tghqtocu"eqpuvkvwekqpcngu"{"ngicngu"fguvkpcfcu"c"rtq−
oqxgt"gn"ceeguq"c"nc"lwuvkekc"codkgpvcn"{"c"nncoct"nc"cvgpek„p"uqdtg"nc"korqtvcpekc"fg"
rqpfgtct"nc"tgrctcek„p"fgn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn"{"pq"u„nq"rtgxgpkt"uw"qewt tgpekc0
Ασιµισµο, εσε αν〈λ ισισ ιλυστρα χ⌠µο ελ δερεχ ηο αµβιενταλ ϖα πασανδο ποχ ο α ποχο δελ οβϕετιϖο δε λα
µερα πρεϖενχι⌠ν ηα χια λα ρεπαραχι⌠ν δελ δα〉ο αµ βιενταλ.
ωωω.ελυνιϖε ρσαλ.χοµ.µξ
600 αλεγατοσ,"p¿o0";6."Ofizkeq."ugrvkgodtg1fkekgodtg"fg"4238
Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
Gucu"tghqtocu"corncp"nc" ngikvkocek„p" rtqegucn" g" kpvtqfwegp" nc"rqukdknkfcf"fg"
gpvcdnct"ncu"ceekqpgu"eqngevkxcu"gp"fghgpuc"fgn"codkgpvg0"Oƒu" c¿p."enctcogpvg" wpc"
tghqtoc"eqpuvkvwekqpcn"kpeqtrqt„"gn"rtkpekrkq"fg" nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf" rqt"fc‚q"co−
dkgpvcn."fcpfq" dcug"c" nc"rtqownicek„p"fg" wpc"ng{" gurgeÝec"gp" ocvgtkc"fg"tgurqp−
ucdknkfcf"codkgpvcn" swg"xgpftc"c"eqorngogpvct"vqfqu"nqu"rtqitguqu"swg"gn"ugevqt"
rtgxgpvkxq"fgn"fgtgejq"codkgpvcn"gzrgtkogpv„"gp"ncu"vtgu"gvcrcu"rtgxkcu0"
Ukp"godctiq."nc"NHTC"rtqownicfc"gp"gn"c‚q"4235."eqoq"eqpenwuk„p"fg"vqfq"gug"
rtqeguq"gxqnwvkxq"swg"ug"fc"gp"nc"ewctvc"gvcrc"fg"nc"jkuvqtkc"fgn"fgtgejq"codkgpvcn."
swgf„"α δεβερ owejq0"
Guvc"Ng{" eqpvkgpg"owejqu"fgucekgt vqu0"Eqpvtcxkgpg"nq"fkurwguvq"rqt"gn"ctvewnq"
95."htceek„p"ZZKZ/I"fg" nc" Ectvc" Ocipc=" gpeqtugvc"nc" tgurqpucdknkfcf" codkgpvcn"
fgpvtq"fgn"guswgoc"fg"nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"uwdlgvkxc="gzkig"nc"rtwgdc"fgn"xpewnq"fg"
ecwucnkfcf"c"nc"xevkoc"eqp"ncu"eqornkecekqpgu"swg"gnnq"eqpnngxc"{"nkokvc"ugtkcogpvg"
nc"ngikvkocek„p"rtqegucn"fg" ncu"citwrcekqpgu"fg"nc"uqekgfcf"ekxkn"swg"rtgvgpfcp"gp−
vcdnct"wpc"ceek„p"fg"tgurqpucdknkfcf"rqt"fc‚qu"cn"codkgpvg0"
Cfgoƒu" fg" cpvgtkqt." nc" NHTC" gu" eqphwu c" gp" ewcpvq" c" swfi" ug" eqpukfgtc" fc‚q"
codkgpvcn"{" e„oq"guvg"ug" tgrctc0" Oƒu" c¿p."guvc"Ng{" pk" ukswkgtc"ug" tgÝgtg" c"vqfqu"
nqu"ogecpkuoqu"fg" tgrctcek„p"fgn" fc‚q" codkgpvcn" swg" {c"eqpvgorncp" qvtcu"ng{gu"
igpgtcngu0"
Rqt"vqfq"gnnq."nqu"cwvqtgu"eqpukfgtcoqu"swg"nc"NHTC"gu"wpc"Ng{"tgitgukxc"{."rqt"
vcpvq."nc"eqpuqnkfcek„p"fgn"fgtgejq"codkgpvcn"ogzkecpq"tgswgtktƒ"tghqtocu" cfkekq−
pcngu"swg"swk¦ƒ"gp"gn"hwvwtq"pqu"rgtokvcp"jcdnct"fg"wpc"swkpvc"gvcrc"gp"uw"gxqnwek„p0"
Hυεντεσ δε χονσυλτα
DkdnkqitƒÝec u
Dtc‚gu."Tc¿n0"Ocpwcn"fg"fgtgejq" codkgpvcn"ogzkecpq0"Ofizkeq." HEG/Hwpfcek„p"Ogzk−
ecpc"rctc"nc"Gfwecek„p"Codkgpvcn."3;;60
Ictec"N„rg¦."Vcpkc0"Fgtgejq"codkgpvcn"og zkecpq0"Kpvtqfweek„p" {"rtkpekrkqu0"Ofizkeq."
Dquej."4235."rr0"69/720
Iqp¦ƒng¦"Oƒtswg¦."Lqufi"Lwcp0"Vgqtc"fgn"fgtgejq"codkgpvcn."Xqnwogp"K."Nqu"hwpfcogp/
vqu"lwtfkequ"fg"nc"uquvgpkdknkfc f0"Ofizkeq."KOKFC."42360
0"Τεορα δελ δερε χηο αµβιενταλ0" Xqnwogp"40" ÐNc" tgurqpucdknkf cf"rqt"gn"
fc‚q"codkgpvcnÑ0"Ofizkeq."KOKFC."4236."rr0"83/9;0
"ÐNc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"rqt" gn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn"gp"Cofitkec"NcvkpcÑ0"Rtqitc/
oc" fg" ncu" Pcekqpgu" Wpkfcu" rctc" gn" Ogf kq" Codkgpvg0" Ugtkg" fg" fqewogpvqu" uqdtg"
fgtgejq"codkgpvcn."42250
0"Nc"tgurqpucdknkfcf"rqt"gn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn"gp"Ofizkeq0"Gn"rctcfkioc"fg"nc"
ρεπαραχι⌠ν0"Ofizkeq."WCO/Okiwgn"èpign"Rqtt¿c."4224."rr0"389/4270
601
Λοσ προγρεσοσ ρεχιεντεσ εν ελ δεσαρρολλο δελ δερεχηο αµβιενταλ µεξιχανο: ππ. 571−602
0"ÐNc"tgurqpucdknkf cf"rqt"gn"fc‚q"codkgpvcn" gp"Cofitkec"Ncvk pcÑ0"Ofizkeq0"
Rtqitcoc"fg"ncu"Pcekqpgu"Wpkfcu"rctc"gn"Ogfkq"Codkgpvg."Ugt kg"Fqewogpvqu"uqdtg"
Fgtgejq"Codkgpvcn."3;;80
"{" Okiwgn" Cpign"Ec pekpq0"ÐNc" fkuvt kdwek„p"fg" eqorgvgpekcu" gp"o cvgtkc"
codkgpvcnÑ."gp wg¦."Lqufi"Lwcp"*eqqtf0+."∆ερεχηο αµβιενταλ0"Ofizkeq."
WCO."3;;60
Mqj."Mjgp/Nkcp0"ÐV jg"Hktuv"Igpgtcvkqp"qh"Gpxktqp ogpvcn"Ncyu"kp"CukcÑ0"Gp"Nkp/Jgpi."
N{g"cpf"Octkc"Uqeqttq" ¥0"Ocpiwkcv"*gfkvqtu+0"Ugeqpf"Igpgtc vkqp"kp"Gpxktqpogpvcn"
Ncyu"kp"Cukc"cpf"RcekÝe"Tgikqp0"Uykv¦ gtncpf"cpf"Ecodtkfig."KWEP."42250
Ελεχτρ⌠νιχασ
ÐVtcvcfq"fg"nkdtg"eqogtekq"fg"C ofitkec"fgn"PqtvgÑ."VNECPJQ[0QTI0"Eqpuwnvcfq"gn"34"
fg"ugrvkgodtg"fg"4238."fkurqpkdng"gp
Ugocpctkq"Lwfkekcn"f g"nc"Hgfgtcek„p0"Eqpuwnvcfq"gn"34"fg"ugrvkgodtg"fg"4238."fkurqpk−
dng"gp85039:1ukhukuv1Rcik pcu1Vguku0curz0
JgogtqitƒÝecu
Ectrk¦q."Lqtig0"ÐNqu"fgtgejqu"jwocpqu
Tgxkuvc"Ogzkecpc"fg"Fgtg ejq"Eqpuvkvwekqpcn0"P¿o0"47."lwnkq /fkekgodtg"42330
Λεγισλαχι⌠ν
Eqpuvkvwek„p"Rqnvkec"fg"nqu"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"Ogzkec pqu0
E„fkiq"Hgfgtcn"fg"Rtqegfko kgpvqu"Ekxkngu0
E„fkiq"Rgpcn"Hgfgtcn0
Ng{"Igpgtcn"fgn"Gswknkd tkq"Geqn„ikeq"{"nc"Rtqvgeek„p"cn"Codkgpvg0
Ng{"Igpgtcn"fg"Ecodkq"Enkoƒv keq0
Ng{"Hgfgtcn"fg"Tgurqpucdknkfcf"C odkgpvcn0
Ng{"Hgfgtcn"rctc"Rtgxgpk t"{"Eqodcvkt"nc"Eqpvcokp cek„p"Codkgpvcn0
Ng{"Hgfgtcn"fg"Rtqvgeek„p"cn"Codkgpvg0
Ng{"Igpgtcn"fg"nc"Xkfc"Uknxguvtg0
Ng{"Igpgtcn"fgn"Fguct tqnnq"Hqtguvcn"Uwuvgpvcdng0
Ng{"Igpgtcn"fg"Rtgxgpek„p"{"Iguv k„p"Kpvgitcn"fg"Tgukfwqu0
Ng{"fg"Corctq0
Tgincogpvq"fg"nc"Ng{"Igpgtcn"fg"R tgxgpek„p"{"Iguvk„p"Kpvgitcn"fg"Tgukfwqu0
Vtcvcfq"fg"Nkdtg"Eqogtekq"eqp"Cofitkec"fgn"Pqt vg0
Fkctkq"QÝekcn"fg"nc"Hgfgtcek„p"*FQH+0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"33"fg"oct¦q"fg"3;93
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"33"fg"gpgtq"fg"3;:40
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"32"fg"ciquvq"fg"3;:90
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"4:"fg"gpgtq"fg"3;::0
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"26"fg"lwpkq"fg"3;;40
602 αλεγατοσ,"p¿o0";6."Ofizkeq."ugrvkgodtg1fkekgodtg"fg"4238
Σεχχι⌠ν ∆οχτρινα
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"39"fg"lwnkq"fg"3;;40
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"35"fg"fkekgodtg"fg"3;;80
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"4:"fg"lwpkq"fg"3;;;0
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"25"fg"lwnkq"fgn"42220
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"47"fg"hgdtgtq"fgn"42250
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"2:"fg"qevwdtg"fgn"42250
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"28"fg"lwpkq"fgn"42340
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"29"fg"lwpkq"fgn"42350
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"4;"fg"lwnkq"fgn"42320
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"28"fg"lwpkq"fgn"42330
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"32"fg"lwpkq"fgn"42330
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"2:"fg"hgdtgtq"fgn"42340
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"42"fg"fkekgodtg"fgn"42350
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"4:"fg"gpgtq"fgn"42330
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"52"fg"ciquvq"fgn"42330
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"24"fg"cdtkn"fgn"42350
0"Rwdnkecek„p"fgn"29"fg"lwnkq"fgn"42350
Ρεσολυχιονεσ
Tguqnwek„p"fg"nc"Rtkogtc"Ucnc"fg"nc"Uwrtgoc"E qtvg"fg"Lwuvkekc"fg"nc"Pcek„p"71:138
g"ugrvkgodtg"fg"42380"Fkurqpkdng"gp85039:1ulhukuv1Rcikpcu1 Vguku0curz0
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